用改进电桥测量高值电阻

测量电阻的一种比较准确的方法是电桥法,但一般电桥不适合测量高值电阻,本文旨在介绍一种改进电桥,用它来测高值电阻,其系统误差较小,可达到准确测量的目的。     

抗战时期台湾同胞对收复台湾的贡献

台湾同胞在抗战期间对祖国收复台湾做出了重大贡献:一、为收复台湾而协力抗战;二、为收复台湾而奔走呼号;三、为收复台湾而力争主权;四、为收复台湾而献计献策.     

抗战初期中国知识界关于文化发展方向的探讨

1937年7月，抗日战争全面爆发初期，面对空前严重的民族危机，中国知识界开始探讨中国文化的发展方向，掀起了关于文化问题的反思和讨论。知识界关于文化问题的讨论，不仅有力地促进了抗战文化运动的兴起和发展，而且为中国共产党新民主主义文化理论的形成奠定了一定的基础。     

丰子恺的抗战散文创作简论

丰子恺散文的创作既有一以贯之的主题，又有不同的阶段表现，尤其在抗战期间的散文创作具有较强的时代色彩——控诉了敌寇的滔天罪行，同时也表现了自己抗敌决心和对抗战胜利前途的坚定信心，对鼓动抗战、推进抗战文艺向前发展具有积极的作用。     

抗战前期上海对南洋的贸易研究

从八一三战事结束到太平洋战争爆发之前，上海与南洋各地的贸易获得了前所未有的发展，并且呈现出了贸易地位提高、华商经营比重上升、转口贸易大量存在、贸易结构变动、贸易统制强化等一系列与战前不同的特点。这种贸易不仅维持了上海对外贸易的盛况，有利于上海和南洋各地的民生需要和经济发展，而且对大后方的军需民用也有一定的积极意义。     

长征对敌我心理的影响分析

长征不仅具有非凡的军事和政治意义,在由国内战争向民族战争转变之际,对社会各阶级的心理影响也是巨大的,它增强了共产党人的胜利自信心和革命使命感,提高了社会号召力,赢得民众信任,也滋长了国民党内部对“剿共”战争的抵触情绪。     

中华民族的英勇抗战与中国共产党的领导能力--纪念抗日战争胜利60周年

抗日战争胜利的决定性因素为全民族的英勇抗战和共产党领导成为中流砥柱，其领导能力得到充分实现、迅速拓展和根本性升华。全民族的英勇抗战为历史悲壮性与现实残酷性所使然，亦是党有效的政治动员与组织的结果；党的领导能力的充分实现与升华，既是党的先进性的逻辑体现，又是党的革命性在伟大斗争生成的结果，源于全民族的伟大抗日斗争，又指导全民的抗日斗争。     

Dynamic resistance exercise increases skeletal muscle-derived FSTL1 inducing cardiac angiogenesis via DIP2A–Smad2/3 in rats following myocardial infarction

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the potential of dynamic resistance exercise to generate skeletal muscle-derived follistatin like-1 (FSTL1), which may induce cardioprotection in rats following myocardial infarction (MI) by inducing angiogenesis.MethodsMale, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 12 in each group): sham group (S), sedentary MI group (MI), MI + resistance exercise group (MR), MI + adeno-associated virus (AAV)–FSTL1 injection group (MA), and MI + AAV–FSTL1 injection + resistance exercise group (MAR). The AAV–FSTL1 vector was prepared by molecular biology methods and injected into the anterior tibialis muscle. The MI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Rats in the MR and MAR groups underwent 4 weeks of dynamic resistance exercise training using a weighted climbing-up ladder. Heart function was evaluated by hemodynamic measures. Collagen volume fraction of myocardium was observed and analyzed by Masson''s staining. Human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells culture and recombinant human FSTL1 protein or transforming growth factor-β receptor 1 (TGFβR1) inhibitor treatment were used to elucidate the molecular signaling mechanism of FSTL1. Angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and disco interacting protein 2 homolog A (DIP2A) location were observed by immunofluorescence staining. The expression of FSTL1, DIP2A, and the activation of signaling pathways were detected by Western blotting. Angiogenesis of endothelial cells was observed by tubule experiment. One-way analysis of variance and Student''s t test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsResistance exercise stimulated the secretion of skeletal muscle FSTL1, which promoted myocardial angiogenesis, inhibited pathological remodeling, and protected cardiac function in MI rats. Exercise facilitated skeletal muscle FSTL1 to play a role in protecting the heart. Exogenous FSTL1 promoted the human umbilical vein vessel endothelial cells proliferation and up-regulated the expression of DIP2A, while TGFβR1 inhibitor intervention down-regulated the phosphorylation level of Smad2/3 and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A, which was not conducive to angiogenesis. FSTL1 bound to the receptor, DIP2A, to regulate angiogenesis mainly through the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. FSTL1–DIP2A directly activated Smad2/3 and was not affected by TGFβR1.ConclusionDynamic resistance exercise stimulates the expression of skeletal muscle-derived FSTL1, which could supplement the insufficiency of cardiac FSTL1 and promote cardiac rehabilitation through the DIP2A–Smad2/3 signaling pathway in MI rats.     

“This is the Whiteman’s Law”: Aboriginal resistance,bureaucratic change and the Census of Canada, 1830–2006

Census information of some form has been collected in Canada since the 1611 census of New France. Aboriginal people, identified or not, have been included in these enumerations. The collection of this information has had a profound impact on Aboriginal people and has been an element that has shaped their relationship with the dominant society. In response, Canadian Aboriginal people have often resisted and refused to co-operate with census takers and their masters. This article is an examination of this phenomenon focused on the censuses conducted in the post-Confederation period to the present. A census is made to collect information on populations and individuals that can then be used to configure and shape social and political relations between those being enumerated and the creators of the census. However, the human objects of the census are not just passive integers and they have resisted its creation in a number of ways, including being “missing” when the census is taken, refusing to answer the questions posed by enumerators or even driving them off Aboriginal territory. A census identifies elements of the social order and attempts to set them in their “proper” place and those who do not wish to be part of that order may refuse to take part. Archivists and historians must understand that the knowledge gained in a census is bound with the conditions of own creation. This has been noted by contemporary Aboriginal researchers who often state that the archival record of their people often distorts history and reflects the ideas and superficial observations of their Euro-Canadian creators. Changes to the Census of Canada since 1981, have increased the participation rate and therefore changed the nature of the record.

抗战期间阎锡山为何能够偏安晋西达7年之久

抗战时期，阎锡山在晋西偏安长达7年之久的原因有：主观上根据其“存在就是真正”的哲学观点，不断加强政治统治，多方开辟财源，积极扩充军队；客观上日军的诱降，根据地的屏障，国民党的支持。