中世纪罗马法的复兴与西欧社会的变革

12世纪前后,西欧大陆出现了罗马法的全面复兴活动,这是西欧经济复苏、商贸繁荣、城市兴起等社会变革的反应.以工商业者为主的市民阶层,本着罗马法中契约平等的原则,以自己的经营活动,冲破封建主义的刚性体制,要求明确和有效地保护私人产权.他们以罗马法的复兴为契机,呼唤法律的公正与权威,扶助以君主为首的民族国家.法律的复兴根植于社会的变革,变革了的社会又推进了法律的系统与完备.     

古典式摔跤运动员应具备的心理素质及训练

根据古典式摔跤运动项目的特点与规律,将运动心理学知识与专项训练相结合,采用理论分析的方法,阐述古典式摔跤运动员应具备的心理素质及其训练方法和手段,旨在帮助教练员提高对心理训练的重视,加强对运动员个性心理品质的培养,使运动员在训练和比赛过程中充分发挥技战术水平.     

日本国立大学:生成、变革与发展

本文以日本国立大学的发展为线索,通过不同阶段国立大学的特点,分析国立大学在日本教育发展过程中所呈现的时代性及国立大学与时代共进的发展趋势.     

Re-Discovering a Roman Wall Painting at Harvard: New Research on a Fragment from the Villa at Boscotrecase

ABSTRACT

This article presents historical and scientific analysis, as well as the conservation treatment of a newly rediscovered Roman wall painting fragment, now in the collection of the Harvard Art Museums. Although the piece has not previously been published, it was among a group of fragments removed from a Roman villa near Boscotrecase in southern Italy, an area that has been key to the study of Roman wall painting and other decoration. Technical imaging confirms the use of painting techniques consistent with other high-quality paintings in the area. Materials analysis revealed a palette consistent with published findings of Roman wall paintings, including abundant use of Egyptian blue and green earth. Of interest was the use of Egyptian blue as an optical brightener in select white passages. Despite the high quality of the painting, no cinnabar was present, and all red passages were achieved using hematite. Multiple different white minerals were identified including calcite, aragonite, and gypsum. The widespread presence of gypsum is unusual and may point to alteration.     

欧洲教会法与罗马法之内在关系

研究教会法离不开对罗马法的理解,中世纪罗马法的法律渊源融合构筑于教会法律渊源之中,这种协调合作的双法学法律理论体系被认为是正确理解了教会法.西方法律传统的形成在很大程度上得益于教会法学家的贡献,这个结论我们可以通过塞维利亚的艾西多尔对基督天主教复兴初期教会领袖著作的传统分析和格拉济亚系统化、体系化地传承了<狄奥多西法典>和优士丁尼<民法大全>的模式汇编出的影响后世的教令集得以证实.纵观西方法制史,教会法曾经长期是世俗法的仿效模式,是西方法律传统的核心内容之一.欧洲的法律文化是一个由罗马法和教会法双法学影响下的法律传统文化.     

Child sexual abuse in the Roman Catholic Church in Germany: Comparison of victim-impact data collected through church-sponsored and government-sponsored programs

At around the same time in 2010, the German government and the Roman Catholic Church in Germany each set up a critical incident reporting system (CIRS) to gather information on child sexual abuse that had taken place within the Church. The objective in both cases was to solicit stories from victims and former victims and allow them to have input into a review process. The existence of these two similar systems, one initiated by the institution involved in the abuse and the other by an independent entity, provided an opportunity to compare the background and motivation of victims who chose to communicate through one channel or the other. Data were obtained on a total of 927 individuals, 571 through the church CIRS and 356 through the government CIRS, who had reported that they had experienced childhood sexual abuse within the Roman Catholic Church. Some differences were found between the two groups in terms of gender, the reported frequency of abuse, and the desire for compensation. These differences highlight the need for an effective complaint management system to offer not just one but complementary channels of communication. In addition, the findings confirm the feasibility and value of a CIRS approach and the use of so-called ‘citizen science’ in politically driven review processes.     

阿淑尔巴尼帕图书馆

阿淑尔巴尼帕是新亚述帝国后期一位杰出的国王,他建立了人类历史上第一座图书馆,这座图书馆不仅为后世保存下来了大量的文化财富,同时也对现代的图书馆科学做出了深远的贡献。     

罗马法的力量

罗马法是西方最为重要的法律传统,无论是德国、法国,甚至是普通法系的英国也深深的打上了罗马法的烙印.研究罗法是对西方法律传统的延续,也是我们每一个法律人的力量源泉.     

王独清与艾青诗歌中的罗马形象之比较

王独清与艾青都曾在诗歌中描绘过罗马这一异域形象。前者一方面以罗马形象作为民族镜像,力求借此使中华文明取得西方价值评价体系的认同,从而加强民族的自我认同,并为中华民族的复兴寻求合法性;另一方面又以其作为自我镜像,折射出诗人作为没落贵族子弟的内在心理。后者以本民族当下时期的精神动力为衡量标准来对作为复杂的他者形象的罗马进行阐释,以此强化民族的自我认同,并增强中华民族建设社会主义现代化国家的信心。     

论罗马共和国的制度建设

在人类历史发展的过程中,罗马是最早尝试建立宪政的国家。在推翻王政统治后,罗马人创造了一种全新的共和政体形式来治理自己的国家,并进行了长达5个世纪的历史实践。罗马宪政制度的核心是权力的平衡。它主要体现为三大要素：以执政官为核心的行政长官制度,以政界精英为基础的元老院制度以及以全体公民为主体的公民大会制度。这三大权力体系虽然没有形成近代意义上的“三权鼎立”局面,但却在一定程度上实现了权力之间的相互平衡。本着对权力进行制衡的精神,在建立行政长官制度的过程中,罗马确立了最高长官的选举制、短任期制和同僚协议制,从而奠定了共和国官制的三大原则基础。