‘Christian Patriotism’ and Physical Education in Pre-Revolutionary France: The Royal Military School in Sorèze in the Eighteenth Century

The Ecole Royale Militaire of Soreze (Royal Military School) was located in the French province of Languedoc. On the eve of the 1789 Revolution it was still a religious institution run by the Benedictine monks, known for having broken with certain traditional models. The establishment offered special forms of instruction, stressing certain scientific and literary disciplines, and also physical education (fencing, dancing, horse riding, and equestrianism). Pupils’ best results were also recorded in swimming. At the end of every school year, all the results were confirmed by public examinations, labelled Exercices publics, and recorded in the Cahiers d’exercices. These materials enable the reconstruction the evolution of the school’s programmes over a period of more than a century. The incalculable richness of Sorèze’s programmes, by distinguishing the elements already present in the military training of the period from the pedagogical innovations that were introduced, demonstrate the special place that was reserved for physical exercise. This Catholic institution was thus able to develop a total coherence of the scholarly programme, considered as a source of ‘Christian Patriotism’, in pre-Revolutionary France.     

Cultural Nationalism,Gaelic Sunday and the Gaelic Athletic Association in Early Twentieth Century Ireland

To date, much of the established historical literature on the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), the governing body of Gaelic games in Ireland, has focused on the potential or perceived political agency of the organisation. To this end, great swathes of work that has centred on early twentieth century Ireland has also examined the extent of the relationship the GAA had with other nationalist bodies in the country at that time, such as the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), or at the very least the role of GAA members who were also part of such groups. However, the GAA failed in fact to adopt any official ‘political’ position during this period, albeit with one notable exception – a mass demonstration that came to be referred to as ‘Gaelic Sunday’. The example of Gaelic Sunday will be used during the course of this article to demonstrate the actual position of the GAA during this time and in so doing temper the pervasive view abroad, one that the GAA is perhaps too willing to acquiesce with, that it somehow played something close to a defining role in the broader political and revolutionary pursuit of partial independence for Ireland. Rather, as this article will confirm, the GAA's role within early twentieth century Irish society, whilst undoubtedly revealing it to be a powerful nationalist body, remained nevertheless much more cultural than political in nature.     

A Game for Christmas? The Argylls,Saxons and Football on the Western Front,December 1914

Historians know that any mention of football and World War I will involve discussions of the Christmas truces of 1914 and the mythical football match between British and German troops. Many British soldiers denied that any truce had occurred let alone a football match. However, while there is indisputable evidence of truces, triangulating proof of football has been elusive. In this paper, a case study of the British 2/Argylls and the German 133/Saxons is developed. The underlying reasons behind the truce are discussed and why some combatants, in the short break from trying to kill each other, probably played football, even though certainly not as the formal match of popular imagination. It is argued that the truce was a result of unique circumstances and was not an overwhelmingly inspirational moment for the majority of troops involved; they all returned to the fighting. Most participants on both sides of the truce probably regarded it as an unexpected holiday and some availed themselves of the opportunity to play their favourite game. The paper concludes by examining recent commemorative events of Christmas 1914 and how they may have contributed to the myth of ‘The Football Match’.     

从《巴布尔回忆录》看帖木儿朝王室的婚姻制度

中亚帖木儿帝国(1370-1507)是中亚历史上的重要游牧帝国之一。现以《巴布尔回忆录》一书为基础,分析帖木儿朝王室的婚姻状况及其所带来的影响,从一个方面探讨帖木儿朝家族兴衰史,进而分析帖木儿朝王室的婚姻制度与它的家族和王朝的兴衰之间的关系。     

伟烈亚力与亚洲文会北中国支会图书馆

简要介绍了伟烈亚力的生平以及他在华创办的亚洲文会北中国支会图书馆,该图书馆作为当时中国境内最好的东方学图书馆在中国近代图书馆事业的变革中作出了突出贡献,它带来了新型的管理方法,同时它是中国最早使用目录卡片的图书馆,在中国图书馆事业中具有重要地位。     

集自然历史、世界文化于一身的皇家安大略博物馆

皇家安大略博物馆融合自然历史和世界文化于一身,藏品超过1250万件,大量开展国际范围的研究。2017年参观人数超过130万人次。该馆设有27个永久的世界文化和自然历史展厅、2个儿童动手实践探索展厅和4个用于临时展览的展区。该馆收集了两只鲸鱼的骨架,将其中一只鲸鱼的心脏做塑化处理后在主展厅展出,将在加拿大各地和其他国家和地区进行巡回展出。     

元《宝昌州创建接官厅记》杂考

1925年在河北沽源九连城发现的石碑《宝昌州创建接官厅记》,碑额以八思巴字题写,碑文记载了元至正年间宝昌州官员捐资兴建接官厅的起因和经过,内容涉及到兴和路宝昌州设置、州境巡检司的设立、官员捐资现象、两都之间往返路线以及驻跸地点等史实,提供了不少有价值的历史信息。     

科研与科普有效结合 促进科学素养提高

科研是探索客观世界获取科学知识的活动,科普则是传播普及科学知识的过程,科研和科普是植物园重要的两种功能。本文以英国皇家邱植物园和爱丁堡植物园为例,阐述科研与科普的有效结合,能极大地促进公众科学素养的提高。     

瑞典皇家科学院的历史启示

诞生于18世纪的瑞典皇家科学院（瑞典语：Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien,英文：The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,简称：KVA）是一个独立于政府的皇家科学机构,它采取独特的科学组织模式,推动瑞典科学发展的同时,增强了其国际影响力;与诺贝尔奖的结合,使得科学院享誉世界。通过着重考察科学院的创建始末、组织体制,试图对其作较全面、完整的解读。     

TAN Tieniu Elected into Royal Academy of Engineering

<正>TAN Tieniu,a leading scientist in pattern recognition and deputy secretarygeneral of CAS,was announced to be elected International Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering(RAEng)on September 16.The announcement came after the Annual RAEng Meeting held on September 15 in London.Dr.Dame Ann Dowling,RAEng President,was quoted as saying,"Our newly elected