1994～2000年我国足球科研现状分析

通过对1994—2000年国内具有代表性的24种体育中文期刊上发表的814篇足球科研论文行进分析后认为77年来我国足球科研成果的发表量呈平稳上升趋势；科研群体仍以分散性、自发性的科研为主，科研整体水平有所提高；研究内容具有不均衡特点，主要集中在技战术、教学和训练理论方面。运动医学、运动生理、运动生化、心理等方面的研究逐年增加，具有较强的实用性和超前性，但与国际足球科研的发展现状仍有较大差距。论文采用的研究方法有所拓宽，但大多数论文采用的研究方法较滞后，已不能适应当前国内足球运动发展的需要。     

中文团体名称规范标目的选取与著录

团体名称规范是规范工作的重要组成部分,文章从团体名称规范界定范围、标目结构、标目选取原则、各种标目形式和著录方式进行了论述。     

论中国个人名称标目的区分问题

中国人的姓氏具有姓氏数量相对于总人口的比例严重短缺、各汉字姓氏在人口中的实际分布严重失衡、取名用字高度集中等特点。在中文编目规范控制过程中对中国个人名称标目进行区分尤为重要。中国个人名称标目的区分问题包括对古代个人名称和现代个人名称标目形式的问题;标目附加成分选取标准的控制原则、附加成分类型的划分和属性的分析等。将文献计量学的概念引入规范控制研究领域,会进一步丰富编目规则修订工作的信息来源,有助于拓展规范控制的研究领域。参考文献12。     

Effects of purposeful soccer heading on circulating small extracellular vesicle concentration and cargo

BackgroundConsidering the potential cumulative effects of repetitive head impact (HI) exposure, we need sensitive biomarkers to track short- and long-term effects. Circulating small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) (<200 nm) traffic biological molecules throughout the body and may have diagnostic value as biomarkers for disease. The purpose of this study was to identify the microRNA (miRNA) profile in circulating sEVs derived from human plasma following repetitive HI exposure.MethodsHealthy adult (aged 18–35 years) soccer players were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: the HI group performed 10 standing headers, the leg impact group performed 10 soccer ball trapping maneuvers over 10 min, and the control group did not participate in any soccer drills. Plasma was collected before testing and 24 h afterward, and sEVs were isolated and characterized via nanoparticle tracking analysis. Next-generation sequencing was utilized to identify candidate miRNAs isolated from sEVs, and candidate microRNAs were analyzed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In silico target prediction was performed using TargetScan (Version 7.0; targetscan.org) and miRWalk (http://mirwalk.umm.uni-heidelberg.de/) programs, and target validation was performed using luciferase reporter vectors with a miR-7844-5p mimic in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T/17 cells.ResultsPlasma sEV concentration and size were not affected across time and group following repetitive HI exposure. After 24 h, the HI read count from next-generation sequencing showed a 4-fold or greater increase in miR-92b-5p, miR-423-5p, and miR-24-3p and a 3-fold or greater decrease in miR-7844-5p, miR-144-5p, miR-221-5p, and miR-22-3p. Analysis of quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that leg impact did not alter the candidate miRNA levels. To our knowledge, miR-7844-5p is a previously unknown miRNA. We identified 8 miR-7844-5p mRNA targets: protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B (PPP1R1B), LIM and senescent cell antigen-like domains 1 (LIMS1), autophagy-related 12 (ATG12), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (MAP1LC3B), integrin subunit alpha-1 (ITGA1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8).ConclusionCollectively, these data indicate repetitive HI exposure alters plasma sEV miRNA content, but not sEV size or number. Furthermore, for the first time we demonstrate that previously unknown miR-7844-5p targets mRNAs known to be involved in mitochondrial apoptosis, autophagy regulation, mood disorders, and neurodegenerative disease.     

不同年龄段女子足球运动员 Yo － Yo间歇恢复性测试与有氧、无氧能力的关联研究

本研究以中国国家女子足球队 U －12、U －15、U －19集训队伍的52名运动员为实验对象,分别进行了 Yo － Yo IR1、Yo － Yo IR2、最大摄氧量、平均无氧功率测试,以分析 Yo － Yo 间歇恢复性测试与不同年龄段女子足球运动员有氧、无氧能力的关系。相关性分析表明：（1）U －12年龄组女子足球运动员 Yo － Yo IR1、Yo － Yo IR2测试与最大摄氧量测试结果之间低度相关,而与平均无氧功率结果间呈高度相关;（2）U －15年龄组运动员 Yo － Yo IR1、Yo － Yo IR2和平均无氧功率结果间中度相关,而2者和运动员的最大摄氧量没有明显的相关关系;（3）U －19年龄组运动员 Yo － Yo IR1、Yo － Yo IR2测试成绩和最大摄氧量结果间显著相关,而与平均无氧功率间关联程度很弱。结论：Yo － Yo间歇恢复性测试可较好地评价处于青春期女子足球运动员的无氧能力,以及成年女子足球运动员的有氧能力。     

高中足球选项课理论教学CAI课件的设计与应用

计算机多媒体辅助教学推动着现有体育教学模式向多元化、社会化及现代化发展,其必将成为高中体育教育中一种有效的、现代化的教学手段。通过对足球教学CAI课件的设计与应用的研究,探索在高中体育教学中应用多媒体CAI课件的教学模式。     

The Evolution and Cultural Characteristics of Korean Professional Soccer

Abstract

Since it was introduced in the late nineteenth century, soccer has been one of the cultural driving forces for Koreans in overcoming national hardships during the dark ages marked by imperial occupations, war, and division during the modern era. This study was carried out to investigate the cultural backgrounds and characteristics due to which soccer has entered an era of professionalization under the name of the Super League. Korean professional soccer started in 1983 under the name of the Super League, not by popular demand but by from political backgrounds. The sport was off to a bad start, and this became an inherent limitation and the reason Korean professional soccer did not flourish. In addition, although Korean professional soccer had grown rapidly in terms of quantity based on a consistent increase in professional teams and the introduction of advanced systems, the cultural limitations of an incomplete local franchise system and a lack of public attention were revealed. Korean professional soccer has shown a variety of sociocultural limits while rapidly developing in its short history. Nevertheless, having a short history indicates the system is young, which means it has the opportunity to mature. Korean professional soccer has sufficient potential and it can be directed toward a brighter future.     

The influence of intermittent high-intensity shuttle running and fluid ingestion on the performance of a soccer skill

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of intermittent high-intensity shuttle running and fluid ingestion on the performance of a soccer skill. Nine semi-professional soccer players volunteered to participate in the study. Their mean (± _sx ) age, body mass and maximal oxygen uptake were 20.2 ± 0.4 years, 73.2 ± 1.8 kg and 59.1 ± 1.3 ml·kg^-1 ·min^-1 respectively. The players were allocated to two randomly assigned trials: ingesting or abstaining from fluid intake during a 90 min intermittent exercise protocol (Loughborough Intermittent Shuttle Test:LIST).This test was designed to simulate the minimum physical demands faced by soccer players during a game. Before and immediately after performance of the test,the players completed a soccer skill test and a mental concentration test. Performance of the soccer skill test after the 'no-fluid' trial deteriorated by 5% (P ? 0.05),but was maintained during the fluid trial. Mean heart rate, perceived exertion, serum aldosterone, osmolality, sodium and cortisol responses during the test were higher (P ? 0.05) in the 'no-fluid' trial than in the fluid trial. The results of this study suggest that soccer players should consume fluid throughout a game to help prevent a deterioration in skill performance.     

An exploration of young professional football players’ perceptions of the talent development process in England

The identification and development of players in English professional football has become an increasingly significant topic of debate given the historical perceived underperformance of the English national team at international tournaments. To enhance understanding of the challenges and barriers experienced by English youth footballers, the authors explore the developmental experiences of English professional football players from different levels of the English football pyramid. Professional players (N = 11) from football clubs in the top four professional divisions in England took part in individual semi-structured interviews, which were analysed inductively using thematic analysis. The data revealed three interrelated themes that were perceived to mediate player identification and development pathways at professional clubs. Pathways for young players to progress and experience first-team competitive football differed when the level of the league that the players operated within was considered, with significant issues also raised relating to the suitability of the under 21 league structure, the importance attached to the educational welfare of young players, and variations in the identification of player attributes. This study sheds new light on the priorities and processes of talent development and education provision in English football.     

足球教练员强权性与非强权性影响力对球队发展影响的初步研究

本文对足球教练员强权性影响力与非强权性影响力对其球队产生不同影响进行分析研究。结果发现：强权性影响力在队伍的发展初期具有很大的影响作用，但随着训练实践的进行，非强权性影响力是足球教练员得以立足的主要因素。同时本文对两种影响力在球队的不同发展时期、不同发展阶段产生的不同影响进行了深入研究，并对教练员的选拔任用提出了建议和意见。