The relationship between measures of vocabulary and narrative writing quality in second- and fourth-grade students

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between measures of written vocabulary and writing quality. Participants included 92 second-grade students and 101 fourth-grade students. Students completed two writing samples: one an experimenter-developed writing task and the other, a standardized assessment of writing quality. Research questions examined whether four vocabulary measures (vocabulary diversity, less frequent vocabulary, mean syllable length, number of polysyllabic words) demonstrated developmental differences, whether the vocabulary measures remained stable across two different writing prompts, and whether the vocabulary measures explained unique and shared variance beyond that explained by compositional length and compositional spelling. The results indicated that vocabulary diversity and less frequent vocabulary showed developmental differences across the two writing tasks. Vocabulary diversity was the only variable to remain stable across the two writing tasks. Commonality analysis revealed that vocabulary measures explained unique and shared variance in writing quality in all four models (2 grades and 2 writing prompts). Generally, vocabulary diversity was the most stable and consistent of the four vocabulary variables.     

中国特色社会主义理论体系的基本含义研究述评

自党的十七大报告创造性地提出并系统阐述"中国特色社会主义理论体系"概念以来,学者们从基本概念、结构要素等方面就其科学含义问题展开了深入热烈的讨论.其中,在概念内涵、理论精髓等问题的认识上形成了一定的共识,但在理论主题、思想核心等基本理论问题上尚存在诸多分歧,研究亟待加强.     

Acquisition and use of shortcut strategies by traditionally schooled children

This study aimed at analysing traditionally taught children’s acquisition and use of shortcut strategies in the number domain 20–100. One-hundred-ninety-five second, third, and fourth graders of different mathematical achievement levels participated in the study. They were administered two tasks, both consisting of a series of two-digit additions and subtractions that maximally elicit the use of the compensation and indirect addition strategy (, so the answer is 2 + 1 or 3). In the first task, children were instructed to solve all items as accurately and as fast as possible with their preferred strategy. The second task was to generate at least two different strategies for each item. Results demonstrated that children of all grades and all achievement levels hardly applied the compensation and indirect addition strategy in the first task. Children’s strategy reports in the second task revealed that younger and lower achieving children did not apply these strategies because they did not (yet) discover these strategies. By contrast, older and higher achieving children appeared to have acquired these strategies by themselves. Results are interpreted in relation to cognitive psychological and socio-cultural perspectives on children’s mathematics learning.

“农远工程”教学绩效的分析与评价

农村中小学现代远程教育工程的教学绩效是衡量其教学效益发挥程度的重要指标,对农村基础教育的发展具有至关重要的影响。对“农远工程”教学绩效的内涵进行界定,分析其影响因素,并从教师教学、学生学习、教育资源、教学环境和学校整体教学水平5个方面构建了绩效评价体系,针对实践提出了提高“农远工程”教学绩效的相关对策。     

从现当代中国基础教育课程嬗变看大学生人文精神的培养

在占有大量数据的基础上,分析我国近百年中小学课程设置的指导思想和教材嬗变的过程.民国期间的中小学人文类课程时数较多;新中国成立以后人文类课程的课时逐渐递减,自然科学的课时缓慢下降.这在很大程度上影响了中小学生人文素质的养成,而中小学生人文素质的不足又必然制约着大学生人文素质的养成和人文精神的培养.因此,大学生的人文素质和人文精神的培养必须依赖于基础教育,加强大学生人文素质必须首先加强中小学生的人文素质.     

自由知识分子的社会主义诉求——略论20世纪20年代前后张东荪的心路历程

从民国初年的自由主义者到五四后的基尔特社会主义者,张东荪经历了一段彷徨闷索期.以1920年的罗素来华访问为分界点,在此前,张东荪只是加入到了宣传、研究社会主义的洪流中;此后,张东荪则成为在中国宣传基尔特社会主义的典型代表.张东荪的这段心路历程表明了自由知识分子在中国社会转型时期的复杂心境,但其背后所隐藏的调和精神已经无法适应五四后期风云变幻的社会政治形势.     

Dynamical behavior in a harvested differential-algebraic prey-predator model with discrete time delay and stage structure

A differential-algebraic model system which considers a prey-predator system with stage structure for prey and harvest effort on predator is proposed. By using the differential-algebraic system theory and bifurcation theory, the dynamic behaviors of the proposed model system with and without discrete time delay are investigated. Local stability analysis of the model system without discrete time delay reveals that there is a phenomenon of singularity induced bifurcation due to variation of the economic interest of harvesting, and a state feedback controller is designed to stabilize the proposed model system at the interior equilibrium; on the other hand, the local stability of the model system with discrete time delay is also studied. The theoretical analysis shows that the discrete time delay has a destabilizing effect in the model of population dynamics, and a phenomenon of Hopf bifurcation occurs as the discrete time delay increases through a certain threshold. Numerical simulations are carried out to show the consistency with theoretical analysis.     

论中国特色社会主义的世界意义

什么是社会主义?马克思主义经典作家并未给出明确定义,只是描述了它的一些主要基本特征。中国特色的社会主义是以邓小平为核心的中国共产党第二代领导集体把马克思主义的普遍原理同本国具体实际相结合,提出的一整套切合中国实际,行之有效的理论、路线、方针和政策,领导和推动了中国的改革前进,把科学社会主义的理论与实践推进到一个新的阶段。它的提出在国际上产生了广泛的影响:首先,邓小平的社会主义观对科学社会主义作出了新贡献;其次,邓小平这一理论揭示了不发达国家现代化过程中所面临的共同问题,其基本观点、理论原则、科学方法,具有普遍指导意义;最后,建设有中国特色社会主义的理论和实践有力地纠正了社会主义单一模式的错误,对其它社会主义国家的建设和发展有重要的启迪作用。     

百年前一场关于社会主义的大论战

关于中国走什么道路的问题,百年前就在一些人中间开始争论。２０世纪初,同盟会的《民报》和梁启超主编的《新民丛报》,在中国要不要、能不能实行社会主义和土地国有等问题上进行了激烈的争论。《民报》尽管在什么是社会主义问题上有模糊认识,但却反映了当时进步思想的主张。     

论1930年代北平新闻学话语的逻辑构成与纠葛——以《世界日报·新闻学周刊》为文本个案

1930年代初中期,北平存在三种新闻学话语实践,大众新闻学话语以自由主义-民族主义的路径达成体系,统制新闻学话语存在阶级对抗/国家主义、民主民权/国家主义的二元对应逻辑;苏联新闻学话语则存在革命与建设的逻辑转用难题。大众的迷思、粗糙的阶级分析以及民族国家认同上的偏差,使诸等新闻学话语内涵斑驳,纠葛难清,反映出新闻界和教育界对北平新闻业多元而复杂的反思历程。