A Century of British Readings of America through American Football: From the Fin de Siècle to the Super Bowl

Abstract

This paper examines the development of American football and the Super Bowl in the British imagination utilizing data from the British press. Divergent images of America have been present for centuries in British minds, and American football became intertwined with these images in the nineteenth century. Initially presented as a brutalized version of British varieties of football, once American football was seen live in Great Britain and it became a familiar subject on newsreels, some commentators interpreted it as a spectacle and a synonym for American life–modern, exciting, fast, and fun. Others viewed it as a threat that could undermine the British cultural heritage. The regular broadcasting of the NFL by Channel 4, including the Super Bowl live, was a watershed with the game swiftly gaining audience numbers whilst English association football was in a dour period. The increased popularity resulted in more media coverage, including negative images of unbridled capitalism, fixed games, and drug use. By the 1990s, audience numbers declined as English football was rehabilitated and American popularity waned, mainly through unpopular foreign policies. Today, many Britons regard watching the Super Bowl in the same way as a trip to Disney, an one-day holiday to a ‘foreign’ culture.     

中国女子排球联赛天津女排的攻防能力研究--基于与北京、辽宁队的对比

该文采用数据统计法、比较分析法、文献整理法、录像观察法,对2018—2019赛季天津VS北京女排比赛(赛季)攻防数据,以及2019—2020赛季天津女排VS辽宁女排两队比赛(单场)攻防数据进行对比和分析。研究结果表明,相比北京女排、辽宁女排一传不到位,进攻点单一,战术运用不合理,天津女排组织进攻、站位方式及进攻方式更为合理。     

第18届世界杯和2006年中超联赛中抢断球技术运用的研究

采用文献法、观察法、数理统计法和逻辑分析法,对第18届世界杯和2006年中超联赛部分比赛中运用抢断球技术的次数、成功率以及犯规情况进行统计分析,以寻找我国足球在抢断球方面的差距和不足,并加以改进。     

大系统思维—21世纪管理的主要思维方法

大系统思维是随着时代发展而出现的一种新的思维方法，它的特征和原则决定它必然成为21世纪管理的主要思维方法。     

基于超循环理论的中国足球职业联赛制度文化研究

中国职业足球超级联赛作为中国足球的顶级赛事,联赛的优劣直接关系到整个中国足球产业的整体发展。然而在其17年的发展中,却发现其问题频出,"假球"、"黑哨"、"赌球"等一系列新的代名词灌入职业联赛,其发展前景令人担忧。本文借用超循环理论去分析如何使中国足球职业联赛制度文化内各子系统实现有机循环,进而提出一些有助于中超联赛实现良好发展的建议和对策。     

新能源汽车的构想

电动汽车因蓄电池的充电速度慢,功率密度低,使其发展和推广受到了很大限制。太阳能汽年因价格昂贵受天气圜京的制约大,维修费用高、利用率低,也难以推广．在性能良好的超级电容电池问世之后,从系统的角度考虑,超级电容电池电动）气车会有广阔的应用前繁．     

超混杂复合材料ARALL-A树脂基体A研究

通过大量的实验研究．筛选出用于起混杂复合材料ARALL-A的树脂基体A．并与国外ARALL－2树脂基体水平基本相当．研究结果对超混杂复合材料的进一步研究与应用有参考价值     

陕超联赛对群众足球运动发展的启示与作用

随着我国足球运动改革的不断深化,我国的足球大环境逐渐好转,国内各区域性群众足球联赛慢慢形成,但由于赛事的社会组织不完善、运行机制不正规、保障制度不健全等因素影响,导致基层足球运动发展缓慢,无法有效地发挥其社会和经济功效。本研究运用文献资料法和访谈法等研究方法,对陕超联赛的实施机制和独特之处进行研究,得出主要结论:群众足球联赛应建立以政府为主导、权责明确的竞赛组织体系;应形成职业化、正规化、区域化的群众足球赛事;需积极营造浓厚的群众足球氛围,丰富区域性足球文化;合理制定公正公平的赛事细则,维护足球赛事秩序;保障赛事资源,推动赛事可持续发展;采用新媒体介入赛事推广,提升赛事的影响力和社会积极效益。     

九江联盛超市“农超对接”模式分析

农产品是农户的收入来源,是超市竞争的焦点,也是每个消费者日常生活中所必不可少。农超对接能够让农户、超市和消费者三者获得在传统采购模式下所不可能获得的利益和实惠,具有重大的商业价值和社会意义。本文以介绍九江联盛超市农超对接现状入手,分析了这种采购模式现在存在的问题,并提出了一些优化的办法,希望对相关企业有借鉴意义。     

Amerika: The Super Bowl and German Imagination

Abstract

The Super Bowl has played a central role in the diffusion of American football in Germany, as interviews with the ‘founding fathers’ of ‘gridiron’ football clubs and analysis of German media accounts reveal. American football and the Super Bowl have also played an important role in the construction of traditional German Amerikabilder – images, ideas, and symbols associated with America. German media rarely covered American football until the late 1970s. At that time, brief highlight shows of the Super Bowl on German television and broadcasts on the American Forces Network significantly contributed to the diffusion of American football and the emergence of an American football league in Germany in the late 1970s. In the process of covering the Super Bowl, German journalists reproduced Germany’s double-headed Amerikabild: America as a model of modernity on the one hand, and as a violent, cultureless society on the other. The press further invoked historical clashes between German Kultur and the dreaded Zivilisation of the West. This exploration of the social processes surrounding the reception of the Super Bowl in Germany employs the theories of cultural globalization, migration, and electronic mediation developed by the anthropologist Arjun Appadurai to explain the complexities of contemporary global cultural flows.