Beyond an “Either–Or” approach to home- and center-based child care: Comparing children and families who combine care types with those who use just one

Most research focuses on preschoolers’ primary non-parental child care arrangement despite evidence that multiple arrangements are relatively common. Using the nationally-representative Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, we compare characteristics and outcomes of families whose 4-year olds attend both home- and center-based child care with those who attend either home- or center-based care exclusively or receive no non-parental care at all. We find that about one fifth of 4-year olds attend both home- and center-based child care. Mothers’ priorities for care (getting their child ready for school, matching their families’ cultural background) and perceptions of good local care options predict their combining home- and center-based care. Preschoolers score higher on reading and math assessments, on average, when they attend centers, alone or in combination with home-based child care, than when they are cared for only in homes, either by their parents or by others. Preschoolers’ average socioemotional outcomes generally do not differ between families who do and who do not combine care types. Implications for research and policy are discussed.     

Promoting Parents' Social Capital to Increase Children's Attendance in Head Start: Evidence From an Experimental Intervention

Improving children's attendance is a high priority for Head Start and other early childhood education programs serving low-income children. We conducted a randomized control trial in a major northern city to evaluate the impact of a low-cost intervention designed to promote parents' social capital as a potential influence on children's attendance in Head Start centers. The intervention assigned children to treatment group classrooms based on (a) neighborhood of residence (geography condition) or (b) the geography condition plus the opportunity for parents to form partnerships in support of their children's attendance, or to control group classrooms according to Head Start guidelines only. We did not find impacts on average attendance throughout the year. However, the intervention did lead to increased attendance during the winter when average center attendance was lowest. There were no impacts on fall or spring attendance. Follow-up exploratory analyses of focus groups with parents and staff suggested that parents' level of connection and trust, self-generated partnership strategies, and commitment to their children's education may be factors by which parents' social capital expands and children's attendance improves.     

Modeling maternal emotion-related socialization behaviors in a low-income sample: Relations with toddlers’ self-regulation

This study tested the validity of an emotion-related parenting construct, indicated by six key emotion-related socialization behaviors (ERSBs) occurring in daily, developmentally salient parenting in a low-income sample of mothers (N = 123) of toddlers, and examined the relationship between the ERSB construct and toddlers’ self-regulation. Structural equation modeling confirmed a latent emotion-related parenting construct, indicated by observed maternal warmth and supportiveness, observed emotional responsivity in the home, maternal report of mealtime socialization practices, observed maternal use of mental state language and emotion talk, and maternal report of positive self-expressivity in the family. Emotion-related parenting significantly related to toddlers’ effective coping and delay of gratification (medium effect sizes). Maternal demographic risk was negatively related to emotion-related parenting (large effect size) but positively related to toddlers’ effective coping (medium effect size); toddler age and gender were not significantly related to ERSBs. Results suggest that maternal ERSBs are cohesive in a low-income population, reflecting emotion-related parenting, and play a role in economically at-risk toddlers’ self-regulation. Implications for parenting and family support programs as well as implications for future research are discussed.     

从世界田径锦标赛看中国男子100 m的发展对策

当前中国男子100m项目竞赛水平和世界前列水平存在较大差距．研究分析了中国男子100m比赛最好成绩和世界田径锦标赛成绩的差异，以期寻求缩小差距迎头赶上的对策．     

美国《开端计划执行标准》评介

美国开端计划是由美国联邦政府制订并推行的一项主要针对处境不利学前儿童及其家庭的国家行动计划,作为扩大教育机会、保障教育公平的重要手段,为保证并促进其实施与质量,联邦政府自计划实施之初就为它制订了一套执行标准,并不断根据现实发展的需要对其进行修订.开端计划执行标准对开端计划涵盖的七种服务都作了详细具体的规定,其文本由标准概要、服务规划、社会服务标准、儿童健康和发展服务标准、个人教育项目服务标准、营养服务标准、家长参与服务标准、合作服务项目标准八大部分组成,并提供了多种运作方式供地方获权机构与授权办事处根据自身情况灵活选择与运用.此外,执行标准还强调组成包括政策理事会、政策委员会和家长委员会在内的开端计划治理机构,以加强对开端计划执行过程的监督与对其实施效果的监测和反馈,从而保证为处境不利儿童及其家庭提供高质量的多方面服务.     

菲涅尔跟踪式太阳能集热器的优化设计

菲涅尔跟踪式太阳能集热器是一根管的太阳能集热器,工作方式是在太阳能真空管下方放置许多条形镜面,通过微电脑的程序跟踪和光感跟踪结合的方式实现条形镜面将太阳光精确地反射聚焦到太阳能集热器上,从而实现太阳能的中温利用,提高太阳能热水器的热效.     

索美运动会管理系统在高校田径运动会中的应用研究--以沈阳工程学院第十五届田径运动会为例

田径运动会是高等院校开展学校体育教育的重要形式之一,田径运动会工作环节多、数据多、手工编排工作量大且容易出错。索美运动会管理软件解决了报名、程序册编排、比赛成绩录入、竞赛成绩统计及分析等多项问题,提高了运动会相关数据的可靠性、有效性、准确性和美观性。     

良好的数学习惯——多动笔

不管在看书时还是在课堂上,有些学生都不喜欢动笔,这是一种不好的现象。为了纠正这种不良现象,本文从现象到本质阐述了“多动笔”是一种良好的数学习惯以及应如何培养学生这种习惯。     

体育教育专业田径教学改革的研究

本文从田径教材内容、教学方法和手段、教学评价着手,研究田径教学改革的途径,来构建体育教育专业田径教学改革框架中的内容,并急切在实践中落实.促使学生从被动的学习到主动的、创新的学习,以达到现代教育的最终目的.     

平等起步:教育公平的奠基保障——美国教育部"平等起步"项目及启示

"平等起步"项目是美国政府依法设立的一个教育项目,旨在为社会处境不利人群提供人生起跑阶段的教育支持,从而保障社会成员在同一起跑线上获得能力发展。起步阶段的平等是教育平等的根本保障。起步阶段是个体充分发展的黄金阶段,决定着社会个体发展的速度、广度和质量。美国政府的社会救助,重现了起步阶段教育平等对社会成员发展的根本意义。