科举废止前后维新派“科举观”的转变及启示——以梁启超等为例

科举制度废止前后,维新派的一些领袖人物对待科举的态度发生了明显的变化,梁启超是其中的著名代表。晚清时期,他们从不同的角度对科举制度进行了批判,推动了科举制度的废止。制度废止以后,鉴于对当时社会现象以及西学了解的加深,他们对科举制度又进行了重新的合理评价。这种转变过程打上了深深的时代与个人烙印,反映了他们随着社会发展对科举制度存与废的理性思考。     

情态动词现在时态的语义及用法

英语情态动词现在时态的语义和用法十分复杂。按相别和级第对其语义和用法进行分析和研究有利于正确理解和使用。     

低纯度Gd制成的Gd5Si1.8Ge2.2的磁热效应

实验中使用国产2N级金属Gd粉为原料，用电弧熔炼法在氩气气氛中制备了Gd5Si1.8Ge22合金，并通过X射线衍射仪和超导量子磁强计分析手段对合金的性能进行测试和分析．发现合金没有重现一级磁相变和巨磁热效应，这是由于国产2N级Gd中杂质等因素时磁相变、磁热性能产生了重要影响，导致一级磁相变的破坏及磁热效应的大幅度下降．     

Shinsei＇s USR60行波超声波电机调速方法实验研究

利用两相谐振电压变换器搭建了测试平台,通过调节两相驱动电压的振幅、频率和相位差,对三种行波型超声波电机的调速方法进行了研究和比较。结果表明,调频调速比调压调速和调相调速更为灵活,且具有较大的调速范围。这一结果为超声波的电机的控制策略的进一步研究提供了借鉴。     

高效熔体处理对易拉罐用铝材铸态组织和性能的影响

用高效熔体处理技术制备试验用易拉罐用铝材，探讨了该技术对其铸态组织与力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：高效熔体处理可有效改善和提高易拉罐用铝材的冶金质量，与未处理相比，除杂率与针孔降低幅度分别为71．05％和94．49％，平均晶粒尺寸仅为76．5μm；晶界处第二相为(Al，Fe，Mn，Mg，Si，RE)或(A1，Fe，Mn，RE)复合相，呈短小骨骼状或小球状，晶内(A1，Mg)相呈细小颗粒状；拉伸断口为穿晶微孔聚集型断裂，与未处理相比，抗拉强度与伸长率分别提高16．6％及90．2％。     

试论寻租理论及其对我国行政体制改革的启示

寻租理论主要研究由于政府干预市场运行而产生的垄断、关税和管制等行为以及由此引发的一系列腐败、资源浪费、社会福利损失等问题．我国正处于社会主义市场经济体制的建设中，政府如何转变职能，减少对市场运行的不当干预，避免寻租行为的发生，是行政体制改革的重要内容．     

‘They do it anyway’: a study of Primary 1 teachers' perceptions of children's transition into primary education

Almost all 3‐ and 4‐year‐olds in Scotland now experience some form of pre‐school provision prior to school entry. Given such high rates of participation, the impact of pre‐school experiences on children's readiness for primary school has become an important issue for those involved in the early stages of compulsory schooling. Teachers in early years classes need to be aware of the experiences and achievements of individual children in their pre‐school setting to enable each child to transfer into mainstream education with the least amount of disruption to their learning. This study was carried out in one small Scottish local authority and explored the perceptions of early years teachers, from a diverse range of primary schools, of what information is important for them as children start school. This article presents the perspectives of Primary 1 teachers on children's readiness for schooling. It reports the factors, which these teachers identified as having an impact on successful transition from the pre‐school setting into the primary school.     

三能级原子中相对位相阻尼引起的消相干

本文对量子纯态演化为混合态进行探讨。利用密度矩阵和Kraus理论对相对位相阻尼引起的消相干进行研究,计算出三能级原子相对位相阻尼引起消相干的密度矩阵,根据密度矩阵非对角元衰变规律,得出三能级原子的消相干特性。     

20℃时MgSO4-C2H5OH-H2O三元体系的相平衡研究

测定了20℃时MgSO_4-C_2H_5OH-H_2O体系等温平衡溶解度及饱和溶液的折光率和密度,且绘制了相图.用多元线性回归程序对折光率、密度和MgSO_4的溶解度与液相中乙醇含量之间的关系进行关联.体系没有产生分层现象,得到的平衡固相皆为无水盐,没有新化合物或水合物生成.     

Variability in children’s early reading strategies

The present study examines the development of sight word reading in young children by examining changes in their self‐reported reading strategies over time. A sample of 65 five to seven year olds were asked to read 40 real word items, all carefully matched for letter length and word frequency, on three separate occasions. Changes in the children’s word identifications were measured using immediately retrospective verbal self‐reports. Overall, the results showed some variability in the children’s self‐reported reading strategies. Over time the children relied less on phonological strategies and moved towards reliance on directly retrieving words from memory. This change was most evident in the older children; while both year groups showed similar patterns of shifting reliance from explicit phonological strategies to retrieval, this shift was simply less frequent among the younger children. An analysis of word‐specific changes in reading strategies showed that the older children had a better sight vocabulary for more complex word items. These findings provide further support for Ehri’s mediated phase theory in explaining children’s development in learning to read.