Bearing Capacity of Mixed Pile with Stiffness Core

To study load transfer mechanism and bearing capacity of a mixed pile with stiffness core (MPSC), which is formed by inserting a precast reinforced concrete pile (PRCP), in-situ tests involving MPSCs with different lengths, diameters, water cement ratios and PRCPs, cement mixed piles, and drilling hole piles, were carried out. Limit bearing capacities, load-settlement curves and stress distribution of MPSCs and mixed piles were obtained. The load transfer between cement soil and PRCP was analyzed by finite element method (FEM). Test results and FEM analysis show that an MPSC has fully utilized the big friction from a cement mixed pile and the high compressive strength from a PRCP which transfers outer top load into the inner cement soil, and that inserting a PRCP into a mixed pile changes the stress distribution of a mixed pile and improves frictional resistance between a mixed pile and soil. The length and the section area on PRCP of an MPSC both have an optimum value. Adopting MPSC is effective in improving the bearing capacity of soft soil ground.     

SRC-RC转换柱的刚度计算

首先对我国现行SRC-RC竖向混合结构过渡层的设计要求和相关规定提出了不同的看法,建议采用SRC-RC转换柱进行型钢混凝土柱到钢筋混凝土柱的过渡。介绍了SRC-RC转换柱的优点,并在RC柱和SRC柱截面抗弯刚度基础上根据抗弯刚度等效原则合成SRC-RC转换柱的截面抗弯刚度。最后给出了SRC-RC转换柱侧移刚度计算公式。     

宝兴大厦地震反应分析

文章采用SATWEI和ETABS等软件对宝兴大厦进行内力分析,获得有价值的地震响应参数,从而了解扭转效应,即对于部分框支剪力墙结构,当转换层层高较大时,转换层以上结构抗侧刚度由最大层间位移角控制。     

Analysis on stiffness and damping performance of active magnetic bearing system

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一种用于空间框架结构几何非线性分析的切线刚度矩阵

为了改善空间框架结构的几何非线性分析,根据总势能驻值原理推导了一个三维梁单元,用增量切线刚度矩阵代替传统的增量割线刚度矩阵.新的切线刚度矩阵除了常用的线性刚度和几何刚度矩阵外,还包含2个变形刚度矩阵,这2个矩阵是由每个增量步中轴力和弯距的变化引起的,是单元变形的函数,包含轴向、横向和扭转变形的耦合项.考虑空间转动和弯距的特征,增加一个修正矩阵,使提出的单元通过刚体测试,达到良好的收敛性能.实例显示使用较少的单元模拟构件仍可有效、准确地得到空间框架的轴向扭转和弯扭屈曲的非线性性能.     

Experimental and theoretical analysis on the natural frequency of external prestressed concrete beams

Analyses and computations of the natural frequencies of external prestressed concrete structures are the bases for studying the dynamic properties of such structures. We carded out dynamic tests on three types of external simply supported beams, pulling the beams gradually. Then vertical loads were applied to the beams while the frequencies and related coefficients were measured at every step. We calculated natural frequencies and the results indicate that natural frequencies increase as the prestressing force rises in the pre-crack stage, and decrease significantly during the post-crack stage. Substantial incoincidences exist between the calculated and experimental results for the frequency and its tendency to changel Based on the experimental results, we modified the stiffness and other parameters in the equations. The results calculated using the modified equations agree with experimental results well, so the modified eauations can be used nractically.     

The influence of golf shaft stiffness on grip and clubhead kinematics

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of shaft stiffness on grip and clubhead kinematics. Two driver shafts with disparate levels of stiffness, but very similar inertial properties, were tested by 33 golfers representing a range of abilities. Shaft deflection data as well as grip and clubhead kinematics were collected from 14 swings, with each shaft, for each golfer using an optical motion capture system. The more flexible shaft (R-Flex) demonstrated a higher contribution to clubhead speed from shaft deflection dynamics (P < .001), but was also associated with significantly less grip angular velocity at impact (P = .001), resulting in no significant difference in clubhead speed (P = .14). However, at the individual level, half of the participants demonstrated a significant difference in clubhead speed between shafts. The more flexible shaft was also associated with significantly different magnitudes of head rotation relative to the grip. More specifically, both bend loft (P < .001) and bend lie (P < .001) were greater for the R-Flex shaft, while bend close (P = .017) was greater for the stiffer (X-Flex) shaft. However, changes in grip orientation resulted in no significant differences in face orientation, between the shafts, at impact.     

The effect of core training on distal limb performance during ballistic strike manoeuvres

Ballistic limb motion is enabled by proximal “core” stiffness. However, controversy exists regarding the best method of training this characteristic. This study sought to determine the most effective core training method to enhance distal limb athleticism. A total of 12 participants (24 ± 3 years, 1.8 ± 0.05 m, 76.8 ± 9.7 kg) consisting of Muay Thai athletes performed a core training protocol (Isometric vs. Dynamic, with Control) for 6 weeks, using a repeated measures design to assess performance (peak strike velocity, peak impact force, muscular activation) in various strikes. Isometric training increased impact force in Jab (554.4 ± 70.1 N), Cross (1895.2 ± 203.1 N), Combo (616.8 ± 54.9 N), and Knee (1240.0 ± 89.1 N) trials (P < 0.05). Dynamic training increased strike velocity in Jab (1.3 ± 0.2 m · s^?1), Cross (5.5 ± 0.9 m · s^?1), Combo (0.7 ± 0.1, 2.8 ± 0.3 m · s^?1), and Knee (3.2 ± 0.3 m · s^?1) trials (P < 0.05). Isometric training increased Combo impact force 935.1 ± 100.3 N greater than Dynamic and 931.6 ± 108.5 N more than Control (P < 0.05). Dynamic training increased Jab strike velocity 1.3 ± 0.1 m · s^?1 greater than Isometric and 0.8 ± 0.1 m · s^?1 more than Control (P < 0.05). It appears that both static and dynamic approaches to core training are needed to enhance both velocity and force in distal limbs.     

Sprint running: how changes in step frequency affect running mechanics and leg spring behaviour at maximal speed

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in selected biomechanical variables in 80-m maximal sprint runs while imposing changes in step frequency (SF) and to investigate if these adaptations differ based on gender and training level. A total of 40 athletes (10 elite men and 10 women, 10 intermediate men and 10 women) participated in this study; they were requested to perform 5 trials at maximal running speed (RS): at the self-selected frequency (SF_s) and at SF ±15% and ±30%SF_s. Contact time (CT) and flight time (FT) as well as step length (SL) decreased with increasing SF, while k_vert increased with it. At SF_s, k_leg was the lowest (a 20% decrease at ±30%SF_s), while RS was the largest (a 12% decrease at ±30%SF_s). Only small changes (1.5%) in maximal vertical force (F_max) were observed as a function of SF, but maximum leg spring compression (ΔL) was largest at SF_s and decreased by about 25% at ±30%SF_s. Significant differences in F_max, Δy, k_leg and k_vert were observed as a function of skill and gender (P < 0.001). Our results indicate that RS is optimised at SF_s and that, while k_vert follows the changes in SF, k_leg is lowest at SF_s.     

基于Mathematica的单元刚度矩阵显式解析解推导

借助Mathematica给出了平面四边形单元刚度矩阵的两种显式解析形式.第一种形式采用直接积分方法,所得的刚度矩阵解析形式比较复杂;第二种结果基于高斯积分方法,所得的刚度矩阵解析形式相对简单.解析解的推导过程中对复杂的常数项部分用简单的假设变量代替,如对Jacobi行列式所做的变量代换,刚度矩阵的积分形式得到简化.最后,通过具体算例验证了两种显式解析形式进行单元刚度矩阵显式求解的有效性和实用性.