Clinical implications of exercise immunology

Maintaining leanness and a physically active lifestyle during adulthood reduces systemic inflammation, an underlying factor in multiple chronic diseases. The anti-inflammatory influence of near-daily physical activity in lowering C-reactive protein, total blood leukocytes, interleukin-6, and other inflammatory cytokines may play a key role in lowering risk of cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, sarcopenia, and dementia. Moderate exercise training causes favorable perturbations in immunity and a reduction in incidence of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). During each bout of moderate exercise, an enhanced recirculation of immunoglobulins, neutrophils, and natural killer cells occurs that persists for up to 3-h post-exercise. This exercise-induced surge in immune cells from the innate immune system is transient but improves overall surveillance against pathogens. As moderate exercise continues on a near-daily basis for 12–15 weeks, the number of symptoms days with URTI is decreased 25%–50% compared to randomized sedentary controls. Epidemiologic and animal studies support this inverse relationship between URTI risk and increased physical activity.     

Gender diversity in senior management,strategic change,and firm performance: Examining the mediating nature of strategic change in high tech firms

Only recently have enough women joined senior leadership positions in high tech firms for research on senior management gender diversity in high tech industries to be possible. We propose that senior management gender diversity fosters strategic change in high tech firms, especially under conditions where alliance formation intensity and top management team (TMT) educational background diversity are high, because the breadth of opportunity and knowledge associated with these conditions facilitates implementation of new ideas. Results show that both inter-organizational strategic alliance formation intensity and TMT educational background diversity positively moderate the relationship between senior management gender diversity and strategic change. We also find support for a moderated mediation model whereby a gender-diverse senior management positively impacts strategic change, which ultimately improves firm performance when the firm exhibits high alliance formation intensity and has a TMT that is diverse across educational background.     

The relationship between inertial measurement unit-derived ‘force signatures’ and ground reaction forces during cricket pace bowling

Abstract

This study assessed the reliability and validity of segment measured accelerations in comparison to front foot contact (FFC) ground reaction force (GRF) during the delivery stride for cricket pace bowlers. Eleven recreational bowlers completed a 30-delivery bowling spell. Trunk- and tibia-mounted inertial measurement units (IMUs) were used to measure accelerations, converted to force, for comparisons to force plate GRF discrete measures. These measures included peak force, impulse and the continuous force–time curve in the vertical and braking (horizontal) planes. Reliability and validity was determined by intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), Bland–Altman plots, paired sample t-tests, Pearson’s correlation and one-dimensional (1D) statistical parametrical mapping (SPM). All ICC (0.90–0.98) and CV (4.23–7.41%) were acceptable, except for tibia-mounted IMU braking peak force (CV = 12.44%) and impulse (CV = 18.17%) and trunk vertical impulse (CV = 17.93%). Bland–Altman plots revealed wide limits of agreement between discrete IMU force signatures and force plate GRF. The 1D SPM outlined numerous significant (p < 0.01) differences between trunk- and tibia-located IMU-derived measures and force plate GRF traces in vertical and braking (horizontal) planes. The trunk- and tibia-mounted IMUs appeared to not represent the GRF experienced during pace bowling FFC when compared to a gold-standard force plate.     

一类广义隐拟向量变分不等式解的存在性问题

本文研究了Hausdorff空间中一类广义隐拟向量变分不等式问题（GIVQ1）,利用不动点定理得到了解的存在性定理,给出了（GIVQI）若干推论．     

不同加载角T形钢管混凝土压弯承载力研究

采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了不同加载角T形带肋和多室钢管混凝土压弯构件的计算模型,数值计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。对影响T形钢管混凝土柱水平荷载P-水平位移Δ关系曲线的参数进行分析,结果表明:加载角为0°时,T形钢管混凝土构件的承载力最低,在67.5°负向加载时,构件的承载力最大,比0°加载角构件大13%左右,加载角为45°~90°间承载力总体上差别不大。随着钢管屈服强度、混凝土抗压强度、钢管长厚比、带肋和多室T形钢管混凝土构件在斜向加载的承载力增加,在传统钢管混凝土基础上,提出了适用于不同加载角带肋和多室T形钢管混凝土压弯构件的承载力设计方法,简化计算公式与有限元结果、试验结果均吻合较好。     

拉式激光散斑干涉测量加载仪

将激光散斑干涉测量纳入大学物理实验,其中关键性障碍是拉式加载仪的制作。通过球面拉杆、球面滑块和定滑轮的结合,能成功地将待测试件的准铅直度固定下来,并消除了因加载而造成的待测试件的晃动,从而解决了拉式加载仪的最大技术难题,该项成果已获国家发明专利授权。     

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Response of an Existing Subway Station Subjected to Internal Blast Loading

In order to design and retrofit a subway station to resist an internal blast,the distribution of blast loading and its effects on structures should be investigated firstly.In this paper,the behavior of a typical subway station subjected to different internal blast Ioadings was analyzed.It briefly introduced the geometric characteristics and material constitutive model of an existing two-layer and three-span frame subway station.Then three cases of different explosive charges were considered to analyze the dynamic responses of the structure.Finally,the maximum principal stress,displacement and velocity of the columns in the three cases were obtained and discussed.It concluded that the responses of the columns are sensitive to the charge of explosive and the distance from the detonation.It's also found that the stairs between the two layers have significant effects on the distribution of the maximum principal stress of the columns in the upper layer.The explicit dynamic nonlinear finite element software-ANSYS/LS-DYNA was used in this study.     

小学高年级数学应用题有效教学策略探究

教师作为引导学生主动探究学习的“指路人”,应当把实现数学课堂有效教学、培养学生综合学习能力作为一项基本的教学目标。尤其是小学高年级学生,他们已经具备基础的数学运算能力,因此教师要进一步提高他们的数学学习能力,为后续的数学学习道路夯实基础。本文将浅谈如何更好地进行小学高年级数学应用题有效教学。     

非稳态蠕变二维裂纹尖端场强近似分析

从幂律蠕变材料静态裂纹体在时间相关比例加载条件下的应力应变场分析出发，建立了弹性—幂律蠕变材料裂纹体在时间相关比例加载条件下的瞬态Ｊ（ｔ）积分和Ｃ（ｔ）积分的估算公式，并给出了载荷恒定和加载点位移恒定这两种特殊情况下的Ｊ（ｔ）积分和Ｃ（ｔ）积分的解析表达式．作为实例，计算分析了紧凑拉伸试样等几种典型裂纹构形在加载点位移恒定情况下的Ｊ（ｔ）积分和Ｃ（ｔ）积分，并与有限元解进行了比较．     

零散货物装载的一种快速算法

研究了零散货物的装载问题。根据待装货物体积、重量与货车客积、载重的相对关系，将货物分为两类。对于不同货物类型的单车装载问题，优先考虑其主要约束目标，而对其他目标则适时调整。对于货物足够多的多车装载问题，关键是按照货物的类型确定不同的装车顺序。对于货车足够多的多车装载问题，则利用上次循环得到的解，对下一次的装车次序进行调整，使解不断趋于优化。