二战时期英瑞在转运德军及战争物资问题上的纠葛

二战期间英法盟军在挪威的失败,使得希特勒轻而易举地控制了斯堪的纳维亚半岛。因战争需要,德国要求瑞典允许德国军队和战争物资经由瑞典铁路转运。作为该地区唯一中立的国家,瑞典已经陷入极端孤立的境地,只得暂时答应德国的要求;然而英国反对这种做法。英瑞双方就转运德军和战争物资问题展开磋商,纠葛了很长时间,直至战争快要结束才最终了结。     

Mario Bunge (1919–2020): Physicist,philosopher, champion of science,and citizen of the world

Mario Bunge, the centenarian Argentine/Canadian physicist/philosopher passed away in the loving company of his wife Marta and children Eric and Silvia on February 24, 2020 in Montréal, Ontario. This memoriam reviews his life and work, particularly his contributions to physics and philosophy of science.     

篮球界外球固定进攻配合

界外球固定进攻战术配合是篮球比赛中简单、有效的特定进攻战术配合方法,在掷边、端线界外球时所运用.随着现代篮球比赛逐渐向高强度对抗下的激烈争夺方向发展,战术运用更趋灵活多变,但是赛场上情况瞬息万变,在比赛中不少球队往往因缺乏有效掷界外球战术配合而错失好局.随着篮球规则的变革,掷界外球进攻的机会越来越多,目前在各类比赛中,对于这种进攻方法重视得还不够.因此加强各种特殊情况下的掷界外球固定配合训练,并有针对性地合理而熟练地运用,对掌握比赛的主动权,扭转比赛的局势将会起到积极的作用.     

The Joint Establishment of the World Federation of Scientific Workers and of UNESCO After World War II

The World Federation of Scientific Workers (WFScW) and UNESCO share roots in the Social Relations of Science (SRS) movements and in the Franco-British scientific relations which developed in the 1930s. In this historical context (the Great Depression, the rise of Fascism and the Nazi use of science, the social and intellectual fascination for the USSR), a new model of scientific internationalism emerged, where science and politics mixed. Many progressive scientists were involved in the war efforts against Nazism, and tried to prolong their international commitments into peacetime. They contributed to the establishment of the WFScW and of UNESCO in 1945–1946. Neither the WFScW nor UNESCO succeeded in achieving their initial aims. Another world emerged from the immediate post-war years, but it was not the world fancied by the progressive scientists from the mould of scientific internationalism. The aim of this article is to follow the path from the Franco-British networks towards the establishment of the WFScW and UNESCO; from an ideological scientific internationalism towards practical projects. It is to understand how these two bodies came to embody two different scientific internationalisms during the Cold War.

德国的体育与媒介：德国足球与体育媒介的里程碑和基本事实

体育在德国大众传媒中占据非常重要的地位。从报纸到广播电视再到新媒体时代,体育都是媒介内容中的重要元素。足球更是占据了体育内容中的核心地位。体育是如何被大众媒介转变的,大众媒介如何受到体育的影响,一直是媒介研究的核心内容之一。在德国电视史上,收视率排名前十位的节目全部是有德国队参加的世界杯和欧洲杯足球赛的赛事转播,其中收视率最高的是于2014年7月13日举行的巴西世界杯决赛德国队与阿根廷队之间的较量,超过三千万德国民众收看了这场比赛的电视转播。因此,世界杯足球赛对于德国社会和体育新闻而言具有重要的影响。研究梳理了德国足球的发展史,以作者主编的《2011国际体育媒介调查》中的数据为依托,以从1994年美国世界杯开始到2014年巴西世界杯期间20年中的世界杯和欧洲杯足球赛为主要研究对象。
　　通过对比,研究发现了不少转变：例如1994年世界杯时,德国电视台转播一场足球比赛的时间是219分钟,到2014年世界杯时已经提升到550分钟。转播过程中比赛所占的比例从1994年的49%下降到2014年的23%。德国民众对体育尤其是足球的狂热,每年可以带来30亿欧元的商业赞助。《2011国际体育媒介调查》在对世界五大洲23个国家和地区81家平面媒体的18340篇文章展开的大数据分析研究发现,受关注度最高的项目依次是足球、网球、英式橄榄球、曲棍球、冰球、自行车、篮球、澳式橄榄球、高尔夫球和马术比赛,其中足球一项就占据41%的比例,网球和英式橄榄球的比例分别为8%和5%。另一方面,撰写体育新闻的平面媒体记者中90%以上为男性。此外,在足球占据体育报道的比例上,罗马尼亚、葡萄牙、巴西、希腊、德国、波兰、苏格兰、南非、法国和瑞士是最高的,其中罗马尼亚媒体报道的比例高达85%。     

The trajectory of the “Third World” in early modern Chinese thought

In this essay, I trace two aspects of the thought on the “Third World” in early modern China: how to understand the world revolution, and how to create a new China. While focusing on two trendy notions at that time, i.e. “Chinese revolution” (Zhongguo geming), and “nong country” (nongguo), I argue that the thought on the “Third World” in early modern China breaks free of the shackle of fashionable theories and draws upon local circumstances and China’s own repertoire of power when exploring an ideal of a new world. While the difficulty in confronting the “Third World” consciousness in today’s China is still overwhelming, the fact that we now remember “the spirit of Bandong” signals some progress.     

Let the Germans Win? Israeli Attitudes towards Die Mannschaft during The 2014 World Cup Tournament

To contribute to analyses of the sport-politics nexus, the study examines Jewish-Israeli attitudes toward the German soccer team and Germany. The analysis reveals that more Israelis root against the German soccer team than support it, despite the team’s impressive achievements. The analysis of attitudes toward Germany surprisingly reveals that the 18–20 age group expressed the strongest animosity towards Germany, which may indicate that Israeli government attempts to instill the Holocaust memory in the young generations perpetuates animosity between young Israelis and Germany. The study strengthens the notion that international sport games represent and extend rather than reduce international tensions.     

大战中的热烈与冷静——民初十年《东方杂志》民族主义观评析

1912-1922年间,杜亚泉为代表的知识分子群体以《东方杂志》为舞台,集中地表达了他们的民族主义思想。他们倡导的和平、民主、文化的国家主义思想有合理可贵的积极价值,是中国现代民族主义思想史上的重要资源。     

中国近代史上的两种《女子世界》

中国近代是中国报业发生发展繁荣的时期,各种报纸期刊成百上千.其中不乏同名异质者,容易产生混淆.笔者就近代史上两种<女子世界>进行了整理和辨析.