谈兴奋剂对运动员身心的危害

本文从人体正常分泌的激素对肌肉运动能力的积极影响入手，进而分析了参赛运动员以及正当方式使用人体内不存在的物质，人为地、不公平地运动成绩现象，目前，兴奋剂已成为竞技体育中的国际公害，它对运动员的身心造成了伤害，扭曲体育精神，应予以制止。     

Systems model and individual simulations of training strategies in elite short-track speed skaters

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of simulated training strategies on performance potential in elite short-track speed skaters. Training load and field-based criterion performances from fifteen athletes (10 males, 5 females) were collected over a 3-month training period and the relationship between training loads and performance was computed with a variable dose-response model using a genetic algorithm. Individual simulations of tapers preceded or not preceded by an overload training (OT) were assessed. We obtained a significant correlation between actual and modelled performances (R² = 0.76 ± 0.07). Regarding model parameters, no significant difference was found between males and females but the time to recover performance tended to be lower in females. Simulations in which the taper parameters were free highlighted that an exponential or a step taper were the most effective for increasing performance compared to a linear taper (p < 0.05). Optimal exponential taper duration after OT was 10.7 ± 2.4d and the optimal load reduction was 75.9 ± 3.7%. OT intensity had the greatest influence on the predicted performance, followed by OT duration, taper decay, and to a lesser extent load reduction during taper and taper duration. Thus, a variable dose-response systems model allows the evaluation of different taper strategies and their potential effect on performance changes.     

The effect of athletic expertise and trait emotional intelligence on decision-making

The quality of decision and assessment of risk are key determinants of successful sport performance. Athletes differ fundamentally in their decision-making ability according to their athletic expertise level. Moreover, given the influence of emotions on decision-making, it is likely that a trait reflecting emotional functioning, trait emotional intelligence, may also influence decision-making. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the respective contribution of athletic expertise and trait emotional intelligence to non-athletic decision-making. In total, 269 participants aged between 18 and 26 years with a range of athletic experience i.e. none (n?=?71), novice (n?=?54), amateur (n?=?55), elite (n?=?45) and super-elite (n?=?44), completed the Emotional Intelligence Scale and the Cambridge Gambling Task. Regression modelling indicated a significant positive relationship of athletic expertise and trait emotional intelligence with the quality of decision-making, and a negative relationship with deliberation time and risk-taking. Cognitive skills transfer may explain the higher decision-making scores associated with higher athletic expertise, while individuals with higher trait emotional intelligence may anticipate better the emotional consequences linked with a gambling task, which may help individuals make better decisions and take less risks.     

我国男子高水平三级跳远运动员专项力量训练安排研究

摘要：男子三级跳远是我国参加奥运会田径比赛的潜优势项目,专项力量是影响三级跳远比赛成绩和技术水平提升的关键因素,运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实地调查等研究方法,分析研究我国最优秀的6名男子三级跳远运动员专项力量训练安排。结论：1）我国男子高水平三级跳远运动员的力量训练内容、方法手段、计划与负荷基本符合世界潮流,但训练中缺少单腿支撑进行的蹲、拉、提、举等练习,不够贴近专项需要;2）专项力量训练器材与世界发达国家相比科技化含量不高;3）专项力量负荷调整控制主要依赖教练员经验与身体素质指标推算。     

优秀运动员竞技心理障碍分析及对策探讨

采取文献检索和调查访谈等方法分析了优秀运动员竞技心理素质的重要性、竞技心理障碍的表现及成因,探讨了排除竞技心理障碍的对策。     

世界优秀空手道运动员技战术特点研究

采用文献资料、录像观察和数理统计等方法,对世界优秀空手道运动员的技战术特点进行分析。结果表明：运动员更偏重使用拳法技术,拳法是运动员主要得分手段;在拳法技术中,运动员的后手拳法最为重要;在腿法技术中,中段回旋踢技术使用次数最多,但是成功率相对偏低,上段回旋踢技术成功率相对较高;在比赛中摔法使用次数较少,成功率相对偏低;在战术分析方面,直攻战术是运动员的主要战术形式。     

中国武术散打运动员在K-1比赛中的制胜策略研究

文章通过对我国武术散打运动员参加K-1比赛的录像研究分析,对双方运动员在比赛中的技术水平、身体素质、心理竞技状态进行对比分析,找出我国武术散打运动员在K-1比赛中的的优势和不足,并试图找出原因,以期为以后中国散打运动员在K-1比赛取得更好的比赛成绩乃至成为K-1比赛的王者提供理论指导。同时促进我国武术散打的更新和完善、更快地与世界搏击运动接轨。     

巧避散打运动员的“克拉克现象”

随着散打运动的普及与发展,运动队和运动员之间的技术水平都比较接近,为避免运动员出现＂克拉克现象＂,在比赛中取得优异的成绩,我们应注重培养运动员的心理品质和抗干扰的能力。     

生理生化指标在武术运动员机能监测中的应用与分析

在竞技运动水平愈来愈高、竞争愈来愈激烈的今天,运用生理生化指标对运动员的机能监测与评定,显得尤为重要。文章对武术科研中评定运动员身体机能及反映运动能力的生理、生化指标的研究现状进行了分析讨论。     

高校散打运动员赛前训练尿10项值的变化分析

文章通过观察高校散打运动员赛前训练尿10项值的变化,对运动员机能状况、恢复能力进行监测和评估,同时对10名散打运动员进行赛前10天测试晨尿、散打专项训练及体能训练运动后新鲜尿液测定。采用英国Bayer公司生产的半自动化尿十项分析仪及其配套试纸按其说明进行检测。结果显示：受试运动员阳性反应指标高低依次为,尿蛋白79．1％（晨尿72．0％、运动后85．0％）、尿潜血30．0％（晨尿12．0％、运动后45．0％）、尿酮体5．5％（晨尿2．0％、运动后8．0％）和胆红素5．5％（晨尿6．0％、运动后5．0％）;尿比重〉1．030超过1／3。表明高校散打运动员赛前尿10项指标反应具有范围广、程度高的特点。