儿童和青少年社交恐怖症的诱因及对策

社交恐怖症不仅会降低儿童和青少年的生活质量,而且会影响其在校的学习和今后的职业发展。生物性因素、社会性因素以及个人因素是儿童和青少年社交恐怖症的主要诱因。预防儿童和青少年社交恐怖症应当重视家庭的教育和引导,建立起学校、家庭和青少年儿童同伴三者间的反馈机制,引导儿童和青少年正确认识和评价自己的交往能力。     

职校生心理健康状况成因及疏导途径——中职生人际交往障碍心理咨询案例分析

中职学校的学生在青春期容易产生心理失误,甚至心理滑坡。通过对我校08级一学生连续两年的人际交往障碍心理咨询案例分析,指出儿时家庭教育的缺失对性格、人格的形成的影响,导致了中职学生在青春期过程中的困扰心理问题比一般的青少年更加地显著,呼吁全社会共同关注学生的心理健康。     

青少年社会适应与主观幸福感的关系

采用主观幸福感量表、快乐感量表和青少年社会适应量表,随机抽取广州地区5所中学初一、初二、高一、高二的784名中学生为被试进行测查,探讨青少年主观幸福感及其与社会适应行为的关系。结果发现,社会适应行为的七个因子除了社交适应外都对主观幸福感起不同程度的预测作用。分别解释个体主观幸福感5%—22%、5%—26%的变异,学习适应是生活满意度稳定的正向预测因素,独立生活是负性情感主要且稳定的预测因素。     

家庭功能视野下的青少年心理健康综述

家庭功能理论从系统的角度来研究家庭,强调家庭成员间的双向作用。其主要代表理论有两类：结果取向理论和过程取向理论。结合这两类理论对青少年心理健康进行考察,得出三个结论：家庭功能发挥得越良好,青少年的心理越健康;家庭功能中的＂沟通＂和＂角色＂因子对青少年心理健康有较大影响;家庭功能视野下的青少年心理健康存在性别和年级的差异。     

完善我国青少年利益诉求表达机制的思考

我国在青少年利益诉求表达机制的建设上取得了一定的成绩,但在组织建设、法规建设和资金支持等方面都存在一些不足。我国应该借鉴世界上青少年利益诉求表达机制完善的国家和地区的先进经验,结合我国具体的国情,进一步完善我国青少年利益诉求表达机制。     

Girls Helping Girls: Assessing the Influence of College Student Mentors in an Afterschool Engineering Program

Current data suggest fewer females than males continue to be interested in engineering and that this gender gap is first evidenced during middle school years. One might expect that female engineering role models would encourage adolescent girls to pursue future careers in engineering and thereby increase the girls’ interests in and attitudes towards science and mathematics. This study sought to correlate middle school girls’ overall confidence in science and mathematics with a year-long, afterschool mentoring program led by female engineering students from a local university. The results demonstrated that there was a significant correlation between the quality of the mentoring relationship and the girls’ confidence in mathematics. The relationship between female role models and young girls’ attitudes toward science and mathematics is discussed.     

Developing Future Women Leaders: The Importance of Mentoring and Role Modeling in the Girls’ School Context

In this article, I explore the concepts of mentoring and role modeling with regard to developing student leaders within the girls’ school context. The foundation for this discussion lies in two qualitative studies involving staff and students from girls’ schools located in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa. Both survey and focus groups were used as methods of data collection. Mentoring and role modeling in school settings is reported in this study as taking place in two different forms: student/student and staff/student. This research identified the multidimensional nature of these relationships with regard to female school staff who then became role models for female students. Ultimately, mentoring and role modeling may help female students in developing the knowledge and skills required for leadership as well as assisting in an understanding of gender barriers in relation to leadership roles.     

Editorial

This study reports data on the challenges and needs of girls engaged in delinquent behaviour and the effectiveness of services provided by a girls' home. Implications and suggestions for the planning and implementation of effective programmes and services in alternative educational settings are included. It concludes that alternative education is not just a change of educational environment for youths in trouble, an understanding of the unique needs of girls and female offenders must be translated into practice as educators continue to find solutions for helping girls who are engaging in risky or delinquent behaviours.     

Thinking it through: a study of how pre-service teachers respond to children who present with possible mental health difficulties

Teachers are key professionals in responding to children and adolescents with possible mental health difficulties and who exhibit social, emotional or behavioural difficulties in the classroom. Health and education policy increasingly positions teachers as vital agents in connecting mental health services with affected young people. A growing corpus of research, however, questions practitioners’ capacity to undertake this important role, particularly given the limited space afforded to content around mental health in pre-service teacher education. This paper reports on a qualitative case study, conducted in an Australian context, investigating pre-service teacher responses to five vignettes of young people presenting behaviours indicative of possible mental health difficulties. In light of educator expectations to identify and appropriately respond to mental health difficulties, this study discloses the need for explicit, structured mental health guidance which form a discrete, core ‘knowledge base’ of teacher education. Patterns in data, analysed in light of policy literature, also suggest the value inherent in advocating open-minded, non-judgemental and collegial professional responses. Further research opportunities highlighted include a systematic review of current provision around mental health in pre-service teacher education programmes.