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91.
振动时效消除应力的方法在国外应用已较普遍,而国内的应用不多且大多没达到应有的效果。本文介绍了振动时效法消除应力处理的基本原理和工艺过程,通过试验说明振动时效消除应力的方法与传统热时效方法的显著区别,提出了振动时效方法的工艺要求。 相似文献
92.
Nikola Medic Bradley W. Young Janet L. Starkes Patricia L. Weir J. Robert Grove 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(14):1535-1544
Abstract The aim of the present study was to examine elbow joint extension power-load characteristics with and without a countermovement. Eight male participants performed maximal elbow extensions with and without a countermovement against different loads (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, and 15.0 kg). Electromyographic activity of the lateral and long heads of the triceps brachii and the biceps brachii muscles was recorded. The average joint power in the concentric phase was significantly enhanced in the countermovement condition at all loads except for 0 kg. The optimal load for the maximal joint power was greater in the countermovement (7.5 kg) than in the no countermovement condition (5.0 kg). Electromyographic activity was unchanged over the intensities and conditions. Our results suggest that the optimal load for the maximal joint power depends on the type of action (i.e. with or without a counter-movement), and that the enhanced joint power in the countermovement condition is due primarily to the storage and utilization of elastic energy. 相似文献
93.
Abstract Although the relative age effect has been widely observed in youth sports (Musch & Grondin, 2001), it is unclear whether it generalizes across the lifespan. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative age effect among a population of Masters athletes using archived data. Two successive studies examined the frequency of record-setting achievements (Study 1) and the frequency of participation entries (Study 2) at the US Masters track-and-field and swimming championships as a function of an individual's constituent year within any 5-year age category. Results of Study 1 indicated that the probability of setting a record increased if Masters athletes were in the first year, and decreased if they were in the third, fourth or fifth year, of an age category. Results of Study 2 indicated that the likelihood of participating in the National championships increased if Masters athletes were in the first or second year, and decreased if they were in the fourth or fifth year, of an age category. We highlight and discuss potential advantages afforded to Masters athletes who are relatively younger than their peers in the same 5-year age category. 相似文献
94.
95.
Massimiliano Ditroilo Roberta Forte David McKeown Colin Boreham Giuseppe De Vito 《Journal of sports sciences》2013,31(15):1675-1682
Abstract Despite its widespread use in performance assessment, the reliability of vertical jump in an ageing population has not been addressed properly. The aim of the present study was to assess intra- and inter-day reliability of countermovement jump in healthy middle-aged (55–65 years) and older (66–75 years) men and women. Eighty-two participants were recruited and asked to perform countermovement jumps on two different occasions interspersed by 4 weeks. The middle-aged groups exhibited excellent absolute reliability for flight height, jump height, peak force, peak power, peak force/body mass, and peak power/body mass, with coefficients of variation ranging from 2.9% to 7.2% in men and from 3.6% to 6.9% in women and moderate-to-high intraclass correlations (0.75 to 0.97 in men; 0.77 to 0.95 in women). The older groups displayed good coefficients of variation (4.2% to 10.8% in men and 3.4% to 9.5% in women), but the intraclass correlations were low-to-high (0.43 to 0.84 in men; 0.42 to 0.93 in women). Overall, intra-session reliability was higher than inter-session reliability. Peak power was by far the most consistent variable, whereas flight and jump height had the most marked variability. The minimum detectable change varied from 10.5% to 33%, depending on the variable examined, suggesting important implications for intervention studies. 相似文献
96.
我国老年体育消费市场的社会学分析 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
刘明辉 《广州体育学院学报》2000,20(4):22-25
当21世纪的钟声敲响的时候,中国已以1亿3千万老年人口开始步人世界人口老年型国家的行列。然而,老年体育消费市场却远远满足不了老年体育消费者的需求,如何开拓与发展规模庞大、富有潜力,有待开发的处女地——中国老年体育消费市场,将有望成为一个新的经济增长点,造就一次巨大的体育商业机会,是促进经济持续增长和社会可持续发展的不可缺少的内容之一。 相似文献
97.
T市人口老龄化具有老龄化速度快、规模大、高龄人口增多,拥有老龄人口的家庭规模较大等特点。家庭规模结构的变化导致家庭养老功能的“弱化”、现代社会人际关系重构、片面追求经济利益等导致敬老、爱老的社会氛围“淡化”等因素,使得T市养老形势更加严峻。在对上述问题进行深入分析的基础上,提出了改善目前社区养老局势的对策与建议。 相似文献
98.
Kazuhiro Shimizu Yukichi Hanaoka Takao Akama Ichiro Kono 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(7):617-623
This study examined ageing and free-living daily physical activity effects on salivary human beta-defensin 2 (hBD2). A total of 168 healthy elderly and 26 healthy young volunteers underwent saliva sampling. Free-living step count, energy expenditure and activity durations at specific intensity levels (inactive, light, moderate and vigorous) were evaluated. The results show significantly lower salivary hBD2 secretion rates for elderly than for young participants (P < 0.05). Data from elderly participants were stratified by steps per day using quartiles (Q1–Q4) for distribution. Elderly in quartiles respectively showed step counts of 3145 ± 129 in Q1, 5294 ± 83 in Q2, 7001 ± 86 in Q3 and 10,236 ± 416 steps · day?1 in Q4. In elderly participants, significant differences were found in the mean step count, energy expenditure and activity duration with increasing pedometer-determined activity quartiles. hBD2 secretion rates were significantly higher for Q2, Q3 and Q4 than for Q1 (P < 0.05). Elderly participants in Q3 had the highest hBD2 secretion. In conclusion, these results suggest that moderate physical activity in daily living improves age-related impairment of oral immune function mediated by hBD2. For oral immune function enhancement and for prevention of upper respiratory tract infections in elderly people, we recommend accumulation of more than 7000 steps · day?1. 相似文献
99.
进入21世纪,中国人口老龄化趋势日渐明显,作为世界上唯一的老年人口过亿的国家,老年人的健康问题自然成为社会大众关注的热点。通过分析中国社会日渐凸显的老龄化特点,针对老年人的健康状况,研究制定适合老年人体育健身的方法,以促进老年体育朝着科学健康的方向发展。 相似文献
100.
Nancy Taber 《Studies in Continuing Education》2013,35(3):289-301
Gender plays a significant role in the experiences of workers within organizations. This is particularly true for women in non-traditional roles as they constantly struggle with gender barriers that are so ensconced in certain organizations and in society as to be accepted without question. Using an autoethnographical account, I explore the implications of my experience as a woman in the non-traditional role of a military member. First, I will discuss the importance of speaking from a first-hand, subjective position, and will briefly explore how we learn to be men and women through socialization processes in current western society. Then I will focus on how I learned to be a military member in a male organization and will examine how women's bodies and emotions separate women from men. I conclude with a discussion of how learning about feminist theories provoked me to begin to make connections between my experience and larger societal issues that had previously been invisible to me. 相似文献