基于面向对象技术的旅游用地遥感识别

利用国产GF-1卫星影像,以南京市为例,采用面向对象技术对旅游用地信息进行专题提取,研发出基于遥感手段的旅游用地信息提取方法和流程。研究结果如下：1）GF-1夏季影像4个图层（红、绿、蓝和近红外波段）方差的平均值（VI-Summer）是识别旅游用地的有效指标。2）旅游用地提取的制图精度和用户精度分别为83.33%和73.53%,表明基于GF-1卫星影像和面向对象技术的方法能够对旅游用地进行有效识别和监测。3）南京市的旅游用地总面积为137.34 km²。4）在空间分布上,旅游用地主要集中在长江以南地区,尤其是鼓楼区、雨花台区、建邺区、玄武区和秦淮区及其附近;而长江以北（江北）地区相对稀疏。本研究结果可为利用GF-1卫星影像快速有效地监管旅游用地提供技术支撑。     

学生发展：本科教学质量监测评估的新视角

中国高等教育规模经历超常规扩张后,质量成为核心议题。监测评估是国际通行的质量保障方式之一。我国目前的高等教育质量监测评估偏重于资源或投入性指标,对人才培养的过程和人才培养成果的监测尚待进一步完善。文章探讨学生发展理论及其在高等教育评估中的应用,通过专家调查法等研究方法建立了一套基于学生发展的本科教学质量监测评估指标体系。从学生发展的视角,通过增值评价的路径,监测高等教育人才培养的过程和成效。     

大孔吸附树脂柱色谱法分离纯化重楼皂苷过程中的质量控制与评价

以重楼根茎粉末为原料,加热回流提取粗皂苷后,用近红外在线检测AB-8大孔吸附树脂除杂和洗脱分离的全过程,并以近红外光谱判别变量为表征手段,将分离过程分为四个阶段。分别对每个阶段收集的洗脱液进行比色和水解,通过离线的紫外光谱和高效液相色谱分析,结果显示,用70%的乙醇对大孔吸附树脂中除杂以后的重楼总皂苷进行洗脱,基本能将重楼总皂苷分为几类有效组分群。     

Age and maturity related differences in motor coordination among male elite youth soccer players

This study investigated differences in generic and soccer specific motor coordination, as well as speed and agility depending on age and maturity in elite youth soccer players (U10-U15, N = 619). Measurements included body height, body weight and sitting height to estimate age at peak height velocity (APHV); three Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder subtests (i.e. jumping sideways (JS), moving sideways (MS), balancing backwards (BB)) to assess generic motor coordination; the UGent dribbling test for soccer specific motor coordination; a 5m/30m sprint and T-test for speed and agility, respectively. Age specific z-scores of the predicted APHV identified players as earlier, on time or later maturing. (M)ANOVA analyses showed significant age by maturity interaction effects for the speed and agility test cluster, revealing maturity related differences in U14 and U15 players. Next to an overall higher performance with age for all test clusters (η² 0.080–0.468), earlier maturing players outperformed their later maturing peers in 5m/30m sprinting. The opposite was seen for JS and BB. So, players’ maturity status should be taken into account to adequately value performance in talent identification. Also, the focus on characteristics that appear to be minimally biased by an earlier maturational timing (i.e. motor coordination) should be increased.     

Optimizing recovery to support multi-evening cycling competition performance

Road criterium and track bicycle racing occur at high speeds, demand repeated high power outputs, last 10–90?min, and offer little chance for recovery after the event. Consecutive evenings of criterium and track racing are respectively known as speed-week or six-day events and take place in evening hours over the course of a week. Given the schedule and timing of these competitions, return to homeostasis can be compromised. No recommendations exist on how to optimize recovery for cyclists participating in these types of repeated evening competitions. Criterium and track cyclists spend considerable time, near and above the individual lactate threshold and therefore mostly utilize carbohydrate as their chief energy substrate. Henceforth, pre – and post-race nutrition and hydration is examined and recommendations are brought forward for carbohydrate, protein, and fluid intake. As evening high-intensity exercise perturbs sleep, strategies to optimize sleep are discussed and recommendations for an optimal sleep environment are given. Active recovery is examined, and the benefits of a short duration low intensity exercise reviewed. Passive recovery methods such as compression garments and cold water immersion are recommended, while evidence for massage, pneumatic compression devices, and neuromuscular electrical stimulation is still lacking. Optimizing recovery strategies will facilitate a return to the resting state following strenuous night competition.     

PCR技术在环境监测中的应用

PCR技术是在体外合成特异性DNA片段的方法,其基本原理类似于生物体内的 DNA的复制,PCR技术应用于环境监测具有快速、灵敏、准确、简便、特异性强的特点,被广泛应用于水体、气体和土壤等方面环境污染的监测中,PCR技术对环境保护具有深远的意义．     

植物监测环境污染的研究进展

概述了植物在监测大气污染、土壤重金属污染和水体污染的应用现状和发展趋势。     

创新驱动发展能力内涵及评价研究述评

创新驱动发展战略是我国全局发展的核心,正确理解创新驱动发展的内涵及监测评价指标,对全面推动创新驱动发展战略具有重要意义。本文多维度深入探讨创新驱动发展内涵,全面梳理创新驱动发展能力评价的研究进展,总结当前研究进展特点及存在问题,提出下一步开展相关研究的展望     

鄱阳湖流域主要生态系统服务综合监测评估方法

本文参考千年生态系统评估的方法,建立了鄱阳湖流域生态系统评估的概念框架和指标体系。在已有监测研究开展的基础上,对该区域生态系统服务的定量化评估方法、数据需求及其可获取性进行了探讨。认为利用已有生态系统监测数据,结合模型和替代指标等手段,开展鄱阳湖流域生态系统服务评估是可行的。开展生态系统服务空间分布研究,揭示生态系统服务的动态变化,对生态系统服务评估具有重要意义。同国外流域尺度的研究相比,鄱阳湖流域的生态系统服务监测指标体系不够健全、生态系统监测能力存在差距,且缺乏相应的数据共享机制,这限制了该区域生态系统服务研究的进一步开展。认为应将生态系统服务监测纳入部门常规监测中,开展部门间综合监测研究;将生态系统服务的监测与生态系统功能的研究相结合,加强生态系统新的监测能力;同时建立以流域为平台的生态系统监测评估与运行系统,实现流域范围内数据共享。     

江垭水利枢纽大坝运行监测与安全评估

以江垭大坝（碾压混凝土重力坝）安全监测实测资料为基础,通过对大坝变形、渗流、应力应变和温度的分析,对江垭大坝安全运行进行了综合性评价。由于江垭大坝特殊的地质结构,出现了坝区和坝基抬升的现象,经研究分析和坝区抬升监测,抬升量是有限的,其它运行状态符合一般大坝运行特征。