从科学实践哲学到实践的科学哲学

国内的科学实践哲学研究主要着眼于新兴的科学实践研究的科学观方面,即以实践的科学观取代表象的科学观。事实上,新兴的科学实践研究不仅实现了科学观的更新,更重要的是实现了哲学观的更新,即以实践的科学哲学取代表象的科学哲学。实现从科学实践哲学到实践的科学哲学的转变,不仅是从理论上完整把握新兴的科学实践研究的需要,也是实现科学哲学本土化的一个契机。     

党的建设科学化：党务公开的理论意义和实践价值

民主革命时期残酷的历史环境不允许党公开化,执政初期党提出“公开建党”,改革开放新时期推进“党务公开”,反映了时代进步的足迹。党务公开为提高党的建设科学化水平提供了一个实践平台。从执政党、国家、社会的三维视角研究,党务公开有助于党密切联系人民群众,有助于让权力在阳光下运行,有助于民主政治建设。党务公开的实践已经拉开帷幕,加强党务公开的制度化建设、推进党委新闻发言人措施的实践、增强党务公开的针对性和有效性、充分发挥好新媒体技术手段在推进党务公开中的作用、构建党务公开的多层次架构,在创新实践中不断提高党的建设科学化水平。     

Videobased lesson analysis: Effective science PD for teacher and student learning

The Science Teachers Learning from Lesson Analysis (STeLLA) project is a videobased analysis‐of‐practice PD program aimed at improving teacher and student learning at the upper elementary level. The PD program developed and utilized two “lenses,” a Science Content Storyline Lens and a Student Thinking Lens, to help teachers analyze science teaching and learning and to improve teaching practices in this year‐long program. Participants included 48 teachers (n = 32 experimental, n = 16 control) and 1,490 students. The STeLLA program significantly improved teachers' science content knowledge and their ability to analyze science teaching. Notably, the STeLLA teachers further increased their classroom use of science teaching strategies associated with both lenses while their students increased their science content knowledge. Multi‐level HLM analyses linked higher average gains in student learning with teachers' science content knowledge, teachers' pedagogical content knowledge about student thinking, and teaching practices aimed at improving the coherence of the science content storyline. This paper highlights the importance of the science content storyline in the STeLLA program and discusses its potential significance in science teaching and professional development more broadly. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., J Res Sci Teach 48: 117–148, 2011     

Bridge over troubled water: using implementation science to facilitate effective services in child welfare

To maximize benefits to children and their families, effective practices need to be used competently in child welfare settings. Since the 1990s, researchers and policy makers have focused attention on empirically supported interventions (ESIs). Much less attention has been paid to what is needed to implement these in a range of real-world settings. Without proper implementation, which includes an evaluation strategy from feasibility to fidelity to on-going work on moderators and mediators of program effects, established effective programs can be rendered ineffective in practical application. The paper will touch on progress, to date, of implementation science, its application to child welfare programs and practices, and will highlight a set of practical strategies for implementing empirically supported interventions in child welfare.     

Research engagement and educational decentralisation: problematising primary school English teachers’ research experiences in China

Teachers are encouraged to enhance professional competence through reflective practice and they are also asked to undertake research to generate evidence for their professional practices. This paper reports on an inquiry into a group of primary school English language teachers’ research engagement in the province of Guangdong on the Chinese mainland. The inquiry explored the effect of educational reforms on the participants’ research engagement through the use of an open‐ended questionnaire and group interviews. The inquiry revealed that research engagement had become an important part of the teachers’ professional lives. Emerging findings from the inquiry also problematised their research engagement as it was found to have been undermined by a competitive promotion mechanism, the teachers’ conceptualisations of research and challenges in the knowledge dissemination process. The paper ends with reflections on how to make teacher research “educational” for teachers and serve as an effective way for professional development.     

Teaching practices prior and subsequent to 1998 in Turkey: Gazi University Vocational Education Faculty case

This study aimed to compare teaching practice before and after 1998 in Turkey. Participants were 10 academics from the Department of Educational Sciences, Vocational Education Faculty, Gazi University and nine vocational high school cooperating teachers. Semi‐structured interviews were analysed by using content analysis. The most significant findings were that the preparation, practice, observation, counselling and evaluation processes were more efficient before 1998 due to the smaller number of preservice teachers. After 1998, the cooperating teachers were legally included in the process and took more responsibility. A new model which combines the positive aspects of both practices is suggested in the article.     

基于工作过程的《报关实务》课程教学改革

文章分析《报关实务》课程特点和目前教学现状,根据基于工作过程为导向的教学方法,在分析《报关实务》课程知识体系的基础上,确定知识技能点,探讨基于工作过程为导向的《报关实务》课程教学改革,建立相适应的教学模式。     

植物分类学多实践教学方式的探索

为让学生学好植物分类学这门内容复杂、知识枯燥的课程,以及提高学生的专业实践能力,提高应用型人才培养质量,笔者认为在植物分类学教学中应尽量增加让学生进行实践的机会,并在理论课教学、实验课教学、野外实习、科技活动等环节中进行了多实践教学方式的探索。     

像爱护自己的眼珠一样,爱护祖国统一和民族的团结——论乌兰夫维护祖国统一和增强民族团结的思想与实践

乌兰夫马克思主义世界观决定了他的国际主义与爱国主义相结合的祖国观和马克思主义的民族观,由此形成了他的维护祖国统一和增强民族团结的思想,并付诸实践。他认为祖国统一和民族团结是互动的因果关系,他以党的民族区域自治政策维护了祖国统一和民族团结,他提出了维护祖国统一和民族团结的政治、经济、文化三个基础的思想,他指出要维护祖国统一和民族团结必须坚持全国一盘棋的思想并要有全局和整体观念;他强调要分外珍视用血和汗凝成的各民族兄弟般的团结,首先提出了蒙古族和汉族谁也离不开谁的思想,提出了解决民族问题和加强民族团结的十六字方针,认为干部团结是民族团结的关键;他指明要不断巩固祖国统一和民族团结必须对干部和群众经常进行马克思主义民族观和民族理论与政策的教育。乌兰夫维护祖国统一和各民族团结的思想不仅是丰富的,而且是深刻又始终不渝,我们可以说乌兰夫60年的革命生涯就是为维护祖国的统一和各民族的团结,为祖国的繁荣、富强和各民族的解放、发展而奋斗的60年。     

构建应用型软件测试人才培养实践教学体系

实践教学是培养创新精神和实践能力的重要途径.实践教学已经成为当前高校培养应用型人才的重要方式.在分析软件测试人才需求现状的基础上,针对软件测试人才培养目标,深入研究软件测试实践教学体系的构建,其中重点阐述构建软件测试实践教学体系的定位与规划,探讨软件测试实践教学体系构建的内容以及软件测试实践教学体系的保障措施.