中外男篮组织后卫阵地进攻中个人攻击能力比较研究

采用文献资料法，专家调查法，录像观察法，数理统计法，比较分析等方法，对参加第27届奥运会的中外男篮组织后卫在阵地进攻中个人得分和造犯规情况进行统计和比较分析，揭示我国组织后卫与国外组织后卫阵地进攻中个人攻击能力的差距。     

第28届雅典奥运会中国男篮与世界强队的差距与反思

通过观看实况与录像、数理统计、比较研究等方法,对第28届奥运会中国男子篮球队5场小组赛的得分、投篮命中率、进攻篮板、助攻、失误等进攻能力,抢断、防守篮板、犯规等防守能力等技术指标与对手进行比较研究。认为,虽然中国队小组出线进入前8名,但中国队的投篮命中率、失误、身体对抗、整体配合等方面与世界强队存在明显差距,是阻碍中国男篮实现历史性突破的重要因素;同时认为外籍教练哈里斯的球星战术"一人球队"与世界篮坛的发展趋势是不相一致的。建议中国篮球的长远发展,应坚持走我国已形成的"快、准、灵"的战术风格,在追求队员身材高大化的同时,更应加强篮球基本技术、身体对抗能力、专项速度的提高,强调篮球基本技术和意识的提高应从娃娃抓起。     

对奥运会及我国大型运动会发行体育彩票融资的研究

当代大型运动会明显表现出对资金的高需求,但是目前各国中央政府的财政收入不足是各国政府共同面临的普遍问题,这将严重影响政府对大型运动会的投入,而发行体育彩票正是解决这一问题的主要手段之一.笔者就奥运会发行体育彩票的情况和我国举办大型运动会发行体育彩票的情况及存在问题作一论述,并对我国大型运动会通过发行体育彩票的融资提出建议.     

“启航吧！圣玛利亚号”课程教案

本课程依托中国航海博物馆“世界航海五百年”特展,重点诠释高中历史课程中“全球航路的开辟”这一课的相关内容。在教学理念与方法上,本课程将团体心理游戏和情境教学法相结合,通过博物馆展品这类独特的实物史料,带领学生主动探索和发现知识,培养高中学生的历史学科核心素养,使学生了解新航路开辟所引发的全球性流动,并学会使用联系的观点看待新航路开辟对中国的影响。     

Difficulty and self-efficacy: An exploratory study

Serious games are becoming increasingly popular due to their association with increased learning outcomes when compared to traditional self-regulated learning activities. However, the majority of research examining the outcomes of serious games has focused almost exclusively on learning outcomes. This has resulted in a lack of research examining why these types of games result in increased positive outcomes, such as engagement or performance. This study seeks to address this gap in existing research by examining the relationship between game difficulty and participants’ engagement, performance and self-efficacy in a Pacman style maze navigation game. This required the use of hidden difficulty variations which participants were randomly assigned. Participants engaged with the game over a 5-days practice period. Results from this study suggest that difficulty plays a considerable role in influencing participants’ self-efficacy for the task. Self-efficacy has been consistently linked to positive outcomes such as increased engagement and performance. This highlights the importance of difficulty as a game design factor as well as providing an insight into the manner in which serious games could be further refined in order to increase user’s self-efficacy and associated positive outcomes. Implications for future serious games and self-efficacy research are discussed.     

Learning executive function skills by playing focused video games

The objective of the present study was to determine whether it is possible to design a video game that could help students improve their executive function skill of shifting between competing tasks and the conditions under which playing the game would lead to improvements on cognitive tests of shifting. College students played a custom video game, Alien Game, which required the executive function skill of shifting between competing tasks. When students played for 2 h over 4 sessions they developed significantly better performance on cognitive shifting tests compared to a control group that played a different game (d = 0.62), but not when they played for 1 h over 2 sessions. Students who played Alien Game at a high level of challenge (i.e., reaching a high level in the game) developed significantly better performance on cognitive shifting tests compared to controls when they played for 2 h (Experiment 1, d = 1.44), but not when they played for 1 h (Experiment 2). Experiment 3 replicated the results of Experiment 1 using an inactive control group, showing that playing Alien Game for 2 h resulted in significant improvements in shifting skills (d = 0.78). Results show the effectiveness of playing a custom-made game that focuses on a specific executive function skill for sufficient time at an appropriate level of challenge. Results support the specific transfer of general skills theory, in which practice of a cognitive skill in a game context transferred to performance on the same skill in a non-game context.     

济南市举办第十一届全运会经济及社会效应研究

本文在分析第十一届全运会对济南社会经济发展影响作用的基础上，着重对全运会经济及社会效应进行了理论探讨，认为全运会效应具有很强的正负影响效果。全运会正效应具体表现为经济效应、社会效应、环境效应；负效应表现为虹吸效应、低谷效应和风险效应。应充分利用全运会的正效应，规避负效应。进而提出：为实现全运会经济社会效应最大化，应调整政府在全运会承办中的职能，推行全运会市场化运作；并给出实施第十一届全运会市场化运作的具体建议措施。     

Measurement precision of body composition variables in elite wheelchair athletes,using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

The purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility of body composition measurements by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 12 elite male wheelchair basketball players (age 31 ± 7 years, BMI 21 ± 2 kg/m² and onset of disability 25 ± 9 years). Two whole body scans were performed on each participant in the supine position on the same day, using Lunar Prodigy Advance DXA (GE Lunar, Madison, WI, USA). Participants dismounted from the scanning table and were repositioned in-between the first and second scan. Whole body coefficient of variation (CV) values for bone mineral content (BMC), fat mass (FM) and soft tissue lean mass (LTM) were all <2.0%. With the exclusion of arm FM (CV = 7.8%), CV values ranged from 0.1 to 3.7% for all total body and segmental measurements of BMC, FM and LTM. The least significant change that can be attributed to the effect of treatment intervention in an individual is 1.0 kg, 1.1 kg, 0.12 kg for FM, LTM, and BMC, respectively. This information can be used to determine meaningful changes in body composition when assessed using the same methods longitudinally. Whilst there may be challenges in the correct positioning of an individual with disability that can introduce greater measurement error, DXA is a highly reproducible technique in the estimation of total and regional body composition of elite wheelchair basketball athletes.     

析运动员赛前排泄频繁的成因

运动员赛前排泄频繁，主要特征是小便次数明显增多和不停的出汗，这种反应，实际上是心理诱导的作用，视为应激性排泄频繁。通过应激学说的论证原理如何加强赛前心理训练的原则和方法，可以缓解和消除赛前紧张和焦虑的应激刺激，使运动员水平得到充分的发挥。     

本体性游戏与幼儿元认知发展的研究

元认知在个体的发展中起着重要的作用。在不同的个体身上,元认知有成熟与次成熟之别,整体与局部之分。幼儿具有局部的次成熟的元认知。在本体性游戏的影响下,幼儿的元认知将获得较快的发展。