To rubric or not to rubric? The effects of self-assessment on self-regulation,performance and self-efficacy

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of situations in which self-assessment was conducted using rubrics and situations in which no specific self-assessment tool was used. Two hundred and eighteen third-year pre-service teachers were assigned to either non-rubric or rubric self-assessment for designing a conceptual map. They then assessed their own maps. The dependent variables were self-regulation measured through a questionnaire and an open question on learning strategies use, performance based on an expert-assigned score, accuracy comparing self-scores with the expert’s scores and task stress using one self-reported item. The results showed that the rubric group reported higher learning strategies use, performance and accuracy. However, the rubric group also reported more problems coping with stress and higher performance/avoidance self-regulation that was detrimental to learning.     

任务教学法在大学英语口语教学中的应用

如何提高学生的口语水平始终是英语教学中的难点和重点。现在大学的口语教学虽然基本上采用交际法教学，但由于学生过分依赖交际策略，而不是通过句法等语言结构来加工信息，语言的流利程度虽有所提高，但准确性和复杂性未能得到长足的进步。而任务教学法强调在任务的设计中对句式结构和交际意义的并重，在任务的实施中调控学习者的注意力资源，从而实现语言的准确性、复杂性和流利性这三大教学目标，实现语言能力的和谐发展与提高。因此，任务教学法可以解决现在英语口语教学中存在的一些问题。     

Research on new software compensation method of static and quasi-static errors for precision motion controller

To reduce mechanical vibrations induced by big errors compensation, a new software compensation method based on an improved digital differential analyzer （DDA） interpolator for static and quasi-static errors of machine tools is proposed. Based on principle of traditional DDA interpolator, a DDA interpolator is divided into command generator and command analyzer. There are three types of errors, considering the difference of positions between compensation points and interpolation segments. According to the classification, errors are distributed evenly in data processing and compensated to certain interpolation segments in machining. On-line implementation results show that the proposed approach greatly improves positioning accuracy of computer numerical control （CNC） machine tools.     

论法律语言二维性的差异分布

法律语言作为语言学的一个分支，有其独有的特征。法律语言的二维性——精确性和模糊性共同存在法律语言中，但两者并不是无差异地分布在所有法律语言中。精确性的法律语言更广泛地分布在程序法中，而模糊性的法律语言主要体现在实体法中。     

A longitudinal quantitative investigation into the concurrent validity of self and peer assessment applied to English-Chinese bi-directional interpretation in an undergraduate interpreting course

One of the productive lines of research on self-assessment (SA) and peer assessment (PA) concerns their concurrent validity with respect to a criterion measure. However, similar research has rarely been conducted for spoken-language interpreting. This article therefore reports on a longitudinal study that investigated the validity of self and peer ratings on three performance dimensions of English-Chinese consecutive interpretation (i.e., information completeness, fluency of delivery, and target language quality), taking teachers’ ratings as a yardstick. Major findings include: although the students as a group were unable to replicate teachers’ ratings, they were able to rank-order their performances in a fairly accurate manner and improved their SA and PA accuracy over time. Interpreting directionality seems to moderate the correlational strength of self/teacher ratings and peer/teacher ratings. These results are discussed in relation to previous literature, and pedagogical suggestions are provided to improve SA and PA for bi-directional interpretation.     

翻译的准确性与生动性

如何正确理解原文和采用什么样的翻译方法来传达原文的意思，一般不是一个人，一个时代所能完成的，不同的时期对译文的要求各不相同，这就使得译者以地前辈或他人的译文进行批评成为可能，随着人们对外部世界了解的增多，今天的翻译既要注重准确性，更应保持原文的风味。     

试论说明文语言的准确性

语言的准确性是说明文教学的重要内容之一.说明文语言的准确性,体现在数据的使用、概念的限制、语序的安排和修辞的运用等方面.     

Achievement and engagement: How student characteristics influence teacher judgments

Teachers' judgments of student characteristics are affected not only by the characteristic in question, but also by other factors. This article presents three studies examining whether students' achievement influences teachers' judgments of their engagement (as a proxy for motivation) and vice versa. First, a field study was conducted with N = 52 teachers and N = 1135 students. Structural equation modeling revealed an effect of student achievement on teacher judgments of student engagement and an effect of student engagement on teacher judgments of student achievement—above and beyond the association of each student characteristic with teacher judgments of that characteristic. These results were then replicated in two experimental studies involving a computer simulation of an instructional situation, the Simulated Classroom, with N = 40 and N = 181 teacher candidates, respectively. The psychological determinants of the effects observed are discussed, as are their practical implications.     

《木兰诗》及其译文之得失

《木兰诗》写得恰到好处,有时“惜墨如金”,有时却“泼墨如水”。女性形象得到歌颂和赞美,这在封建社会是难能可贵的,更为难能可贵的是木兰的双性气质被塑造得十分完美。木兰女扮男装、替父从军既是身不由己的无奈,也有自己的抉择,亦有回归后的喜悦,更有一份自豪在里面。《木兰诗》三种译文各有优缺点。普通高等教育“十五”国家级重点教材《综合英语》第六册译文的缺点是认知语言的“精确概念”与“模糊概念”混淆不清。     

Is Teaching Experience Necessary for Reliable Scoring of Extended English Questions?

Hundreds of thousands of raters are recruited internationally to score examinations, but little research has been conducted on the selection criteria for these raters. Many countries insist upon teaching experience as a selection criterion and this has frequently become embedded in the cultural expectations surrounding the tests. Shortages in raters for some of England's national examinations has led to non-teachers being hired to score a small minority of items and changes in technology have fostered this approach. For a National Curriculum test in English taken at age 14, this study investigated whether teaching experience was a necessary selection criterion for all aspects of the examination. Fifty-seven raters with different backgrounds were trained in the normal manner and scored the same 97 students' work. Accuracy was investigated using a cross-classified multilevel model of absolute score differences with accuracy measures at level 1 and raters crossed with candidates at level 2. By comparing the scoring accuracy of graduates with a degree in English, teacher trainees, experienced teachers and experienced raters, this study found that teaching experience was not a necessary selection criterion. A rudimentary model for allocation of raters to different question types is proposed and further research to investigate the limits of necessary qualifications for scoring is suggested.