The P,A and R of participatory action research with unaccompanied girls

This article discusses the possibilities and the challenges of conducting participatory action research (PAR) with unaccompanied asylum-seeking children and youth. Drawing from a PAR project with 12 unaccompanied asylum-seeking girls in a Finnish reception centre, the paper explores the P, A and R of PAR asking the following questions: what kind of participation is relevant in such a challenging phase of life, being in a new society without families; what is ‘good’ action in these circumstances; and, finally, what is the involvement of the children in conducting the research when they find the practical end product clearly more interesting? The results show that as a flexible and child-centred research method, PAR can be used to promote the participation of children and youth in a reception centre. However, participation in research should not be mandatory: unaccompanied children who have often had too many responsibilities and inadequate protection in the past desire to be assured that it is the adults’ responsibility to make the right decisions concerning the improvements of the children’s lives.     

论詹姆士的重效果思想与中国传统的重名思想

姆士提出,实用主义方法是一种确定方向的态度,它不是看最先的原则、范畴,而是看最后的效果和事实。这种重效果思想对于冲击中国传统的重名轻效果的思维方式对人们的束缚具有重要意义。儒家的重名轻效果、重义轻利的思想导致了中国社会停滞落后。这种思维方式也是我们党犯“左”的错误的重要思想根源之一。实事求是的实质是突破这种僵化的思维方式,重视实践效果,坚持在实践中检验和发展真理。     

对快乐体育教学的几点思考

在旧的大学公共体育教学目标、教学大纲、教师的教学方法等因素的综合作用下，大学公共体育课显得郁闷而无生气。其弊端与误区在于：1．以一个标准要求不同的人；2．以较为标准的动作要求非体育专业的学生；3．忽视学生的主体性，泯灭学生自觉学习的动力；4．课堂组织呈现“机械化”刻板、单调；5．学生“为教而学”或为“考试而学”，而不是“为己而学”等等。郁闷的公共体育课挫伤了一部分学生的积极性，体育课的其他功能(如文化性、娱乐性、品德教育等)得不到应有的发挥。因此，必须改革现有的公共体育课，改革的第一步，就是使之成为快乐教学课，让更多的学生喜欢体育课和参与课外运动，并逐渐形成大学生体育教育文化。     

谈谈文学作品的正读与误读

读者对文学作品的阅读都会有正读和误读。正读是对文本的正确阐释,读者通过作品和作者相互沟通;误读是对文本阅读后的一种错误阐释行为,但误读并非是一种不可取的阅读。正读和误读是相辅相成、共存互补的,对文学作品的正确阅读应是将正读和误读有机结合,才能使阅读成为有意义的阅读,文本才能增值。     

大鼠左心室流出道电生理特性的观察

目的为了观察大鼠左心室流出道组织是否具有自动节律性.方法利用细胞内微电极记录技术,观察了18例大鼠左心室流出道组织的电生理特征.结果16例(88.89%)出现了自律性电活动,并且可在局部组织记录到典型的慢反应动作电位.结论大鼠左心室流出道组织具有自律性.其生理功能有待进一步研究.     

六个组合恒等式的证明

利用组合计数理论、数列和级数知识，采用构造证明的方法给出并研究了六个组合恒等式，这些结果在其他学科中得到广泛的和深入的应用。     

The Impact of an SES-Based Model on a College's Undergraduate Admissions Outcomes

In Grutter vs. Bollinger, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the use of race as one factor, among many in admissions decisions is constitutional. It is not known, however, whether future legal opinions will continue to uphold the use of affirmative action policies. Some have argued that class-based preferences can achieve many of the same goals as in affirmative action while being more likely to withstand legal challenges. To date, no empirical studies have been conducted on the potential impact of a class-based admissions policy if implemented at an undergraduate institution. This paper reports on a study at a selective public college and compares a number of outcomes under three admissions models: the original admissions decisions, a purely academic model, and an socio-economic status (SES)-based model. The findings showed that use of the SES-based model would have led to a more academically qualified class than in the original admitted class while maintaining substantially greater student diversity that was found under the academic model. An admissions policy based on preferences for socio-economically disadvantaged applicants appears to hold promise for other colleges and universities with similar institutional and applicant characteristics. The ideas and research design reported in this paper are based on the doctoral dissertation study of the second author, Undergraduate Admissions Models Incorporating Socioeconomic Factors (Johnson, 2000).     

工具理性视域下的高职思想政治教育

通过对工具(技术)理性和价值理性概念的梳理,做出我国工业化过程中工具理性的膨胀带来了价值理性缺失的基本判断,进而分析社会主义市场经济条件下工具(技术)理性对高职思想政治教育目标、经费投入、教育者素质、受教育者学习风气等四方面产生的负面影响,并针对现状提出了在教育观念、主题、课程设置到教育内容、方法等方面高职思想政治教育的对策与出路,以期实现工具(技术)理性和价值理性在高职思想政治教育中的有机结合,进一步增强高职思想政治教育的实效性。     

实践理性和道德的合理性--当代西方哲学道德合理性理论评析

怎样证明道德行为的合理性一直是西方伦理学研究的主题之一。本从实践理性和实践理性的根据即价值着手，根据与行动相关的价值和中立于行动的价值之同的区别，内在主义和外在主义之同的区别，将西方关于实践理性的理论即论证道德合理性的理论分为四类：与行动相关的外在主义理论，与行动相关的内在主义理论，中立于行动的内在主义理论，以及中立于行动的外在主义理论。并对这些理论的内容及其优劣一一进行了述评。     

原因自由行为若干问题之探析

当前对于原因自由行为是可罚性已无争议,但是当学者们在探讨原因自由行为的概念以及原因自由行为的可罚性根据时,便出现了许多不同的见解。争议的焦点在于如何解释原因自由行为的可罚性与"实行行为与刑事责任同时存在"原则的关系问题。本文拟从探讨原因自由行为的概念入手,对原因自由行为可罚性的责任基础进行分析,进而提出自己的观点。