论我国一人公司监管存在的问题

随着全球经济一体化和我国市场经济改革的不断深入,一人公司在我国现实中已广泛存在,由于我国法律的规定不健全,大多数一人公司以一种不规范的模式运行,并衍生出许多问题。鉴于我国现实中已存在大量一人公司的现状,为顺应时代潮流,2005年10月27日第十届全国人大常委会第十八次会议通过了对《公司法》的修订,将一人公司正式写入法律,这无疑成为此次修订的一大亮点。     

城市社区运行机制的研究--以湖北省孝感市X社区为例

随着政府与社区的矛盾凸显,城市社区运行从人、财和事三个方面受制于政府,主要表现为专业人才缺乏,资金来源受限,服务行政化。为了促进社区良性运行,必须从政府与社区关系的着手重建社区运行机制,加强社区队伍建设,拓宽社区资金来源渠道,明确社区与政府职责,构建双方良性互动机制,推动社区良性运行。     

一人有限责任公司单位犯罪主体资格之思考

一人有限责任公司具有单位犯罪主体资格。其法理依据在于:一人公司符合单位犯罪主体资格法律确认;一人公司刑法单位人格不同于自然人人格;一人公司单位意志与自然人个人意志相区别和一人公司为单位谋取利益与股东利益之界分等。同时,对于一人公司刑法单位人格否定情形,不再以一人公司单位犯罪定罪处罚,而直接追究相关自然人刑事     

村干部不同领导方式对村民自治绩效的影响

将村干部的领导方式分为权威型、民主型、放任型三种类型,从经济绩效、政治绩效(分为民主管理绩效、公民参与绩效)、社会绩效、公共产品与服务供给绩效4个方面衡量村民自治绩效,根据对多个省份16个村庄的问卷调查,分析村干部领导方式对村民自治绩效的影响。分析表明,权威型领导方式与社会绩效以及公民参与绩效显著正相关,民主型领导方式与经济绩效、民主管理绩效、公民参与绩效、社会绩效、公共供给绩效显著正相关,而其他变量之间的关系不显著。因此,村干部民主型领导方式我国农村治理中具有普遍的适用性,权威型的领导方式也有一定的适应性,而放任型的领导方式是不适用的。村干部应灵活运用权威型与民主型领导方法,避免放任型领导风格和方式。     

我国农村体育精准扶贫改革路径分析

为了丰富户外用品上市公司的评价研究,提升企业的经营绩效,以我国户外用品6家上市公司2016年度财务数据为样本,采用熵权法从偿债能力、运营能力、盈利能力和成长能力四个纬度,对其进行了综合评价。结果显示：（1）公司经营结构中,偿债能力所占的权重最大,运营能力次之,盈利能力排名第三,成长能力所占权重最小;（2）6家公司中,4项一级指标的评分存在明显的两极分化现象。其中,三夫户外的偿债能力最强,牧高笛最弱;牧高笛的运营能力和盈利能力最突出,三夫户外的运营能力和嘉麟杰的盈利能力比较薄弱;中潜股份的成长能力最优秀,浙江永强成长能力最小;（3）综合实力强弱顺序依次为探路者、三夫户外、牧高笛、中潜股份、嘉麟杰、浙江永强。     

Effects of Different Chair-Based Exercises on Salivary Biomarkers and Functional Autonomy in Institutionalized Older Women

Purpose: The aim of this study was to test the effects of chair-based exercise programs on salivary stress hormones, physical fitness, and functional autonomy of institutionalized older women. Method: In total, 47 participants (80 ± 8.04 years old) were recruited and allocated into three groups: chair-based aerobic exercises (CAE, n = 19), chair-based elastic-band strength exercises (CSE, n = 15), and a control group (CG, n = 13). A 14-week exercise intervention was done for the CAE and CSE groups, two times per week, in no consecutive days. Members of the CG did not participate in any type of exercise but kept their regular lifestyle. Fear of falling, autonomy, physical fitness, salivary cortisol, and alpha-amylase levels were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: The CAE group improved upper and lower body strength, agility–dynamic balance, and autonomy, with fear of falling decreasing significantly (p < .05, moderate effect size). Both exercise groups showed a trend toward an increase in salivary alpha-amylase levels (CAE = 43%, d = .31, and CSE = 44%, d = .41). Conclusion: Both exercise programs were able to improve functional autonomy, even in elders older than 80 years of age. It might be interesting to investigate the effectiveness of combining both aerobic and strength exercises in a unique protocol. The modulation effect of exercise in the hormonal responses needs to be further explored.     

社团自治视域下中国足协引援调节费制度的省思

基于限制俱乐部在转会市场上频繁高价引援的初衷,中国足协出台了引援调节费制度。为了探究引援调节费制度的合法性和合理性,通过比较研究法、历史研究法等,围绕规则制定的主体、程序以及引援调节费的性质等方面对引援调节费制度进行了分析。从程序和实体两方面来检视引援调节费制度,可以发现该规则的设计缺乏自洽性,文件的制定背离了程序正义,制度的出台也违背比例原则的要求。从社团自治的视角出发,在法治思维下探索适合本土职业足球发展的规则体系,提出：中国足协要增强规则设计的自洽性,制定程序应当凸显社团自治,要尊重职业联赛发展的规律。     

体育社团自治在政府购买服务中的角色研究

在推广政府购买服务的大背景下,各级政府都乐于将体育社团选定为承接主体。但是当前的体育社团在社团设立、机构设置、业务活动开展、经费来源、内部章程、运行机制等方面都存在着种种困难。这种自治困境既使政府购买服务缺乏竞争环境,也使政府购买服务的合同制管理难以实现。因此,提出通过主张体育社团的自治制度设计、区分政府购买体育社团自身职能范围之服务、政府购买服务的行政合同法律关系之构建,将体育社团自治嵌入到政府购买服务的大背景中。     

A moral basis for prohibiting performance enhancing drug use in competitive sport

A strong moral reason for prohibiting doping in sport is to be found in the bad choices that would be faced by clean athletes in a sporting world that tolerated doping. The case against doping is not, however, to be grounded in the concept of coercion. Instead, it is grounded in a general duty of sport to afford fair opportunity to the goods that are distinctively within sport's sphere of control. The moral reason to prohibit doping need not be balanced against any autonomy claim of athletes who would prefer to dope because, upon closer examination, such claims have no force. The moral reason to prohibit doping does, however, need to be balanced against the enforcement costs imposed on all athletes by effective prohibition.     

Using the self-determination theory to understand Chinese adolescent leisure-time physical activity

Purposes: This study applies the self-determination theory (SDT) to test the hypothesized relationships among perceived autonomy support from parents, physical education (PE) teachers, and peers, the fulfilment of psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, and relatedness), autonomous motivation, and leisure-time physical activity of Chinese adolescents. Method: There are 255 grade six to eight student participants from four middle schools around Shanghai, China included in this study. An accelerometer was used to measure the moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The participants completed the questionnaires regarding SDT variables. The structural equation modelling was applied to examine the hypothesized relationships among the study variables. Results: The model of hypothesized relationships demonstrated a good fit with the data [X²?=?20.84, df?=?9, P?=?.01; CFI?=?0.98; IFI?=?0.98; SRMR?=?0.04; RMSEA?=?0.05]. The findings revealed that autonomy support from parents, PE teachers, and peers foster social conditions in which the three basic psychological needs can be met. In turn, autonomy, competence, and relatedness are positively associated with autonomous motivation for MVPA. The autonomous motivation positively relates to the MVPA time of adolescents. The three psychological needs partially mediate the influence of autonomy support from parents (β?=?0.18, P?<?.01; Bootstrap 95% CI?=?0.06–0.33) and teachers (β?=?0.17, P?<?.01; Bootstrap 95% CI?=?0.03–0.26) in the autonomous motivation. Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings support the applicability of SDT in understanding and promoting physical activity of Chinese adolescents.