欣赏性评价:综合素质评价的方法论选择

欣赏性评价是发现并欣赏学生特质与优势的评价。它不以先在指标体系来评价学生,而是以学生实际具备的素质为基础来建构评价指标与标准,是属于真实性评价、个性化评价和优势评价的范畴。作为评价方法论,它与综合素质评价在评价内容、方式等方面的要求上具有内在的一致性。依据欣赏性评价的思想,综合素质应该采取"评语评价"的方式。具体而言,可采取如下评价思路:注重学生的自我评价,以找准学生的优势素质;实行多元评价,提供结构性确证;采取表现性评价,提供参照性适切。     

How U.S. and Chinese journalists think about plagiarism

A comparison of 1,096 professional journalists in China and the United States on attitudes toward attribution and plagiarism reveals Chinese journalists were more likely to see attribution as a practice to be embraced regardless of career longevity and culture, suggesting journalistic norms are more important than a collectivist orientation. Attribution was more likely to be embraced by those who see principles as more important than expediency, affirming research that plagiarism is hardly a monolithic concept. Overall, journalists in the two nations did not vary significantly in their attitudes toward plagiarism, despite vast differences in culture and politics as well as evidence that in some other fields China is more accepting of reusing material without attribution. The data show that among journalists, attitudes toward plagiarism are shared across national boundaries, reinforcing related research showing that a journalism culture exists and is shared at least in part across national boundaries.     

CrossCheck检测平台及信息核实在学术不端防治中的作用

采用CrossCheck检测平台(http://www.ithenticate.com/)对英文科技论文进行比对,通过分析查重比对结果可初步判断该论文是否涉嫌学术不端,进而判断该论文的新颖性和研究热门程度.查重比对可为编辑处理稿件提供有力的支持,为审者审稿提供必要的参考,以便给出公正的审理意见.另外,讨论了审者信息及作者信息的核实对干预学术不端行为的作用.     

金瓶红楼细节描写比较

鉴于红学家们对《金瓶梅》与《红楼梦》细节描写的比较研究证据尚欠充分，故将这两部古典长篇小说加以细致对读，从“细节描写”一项中寻索出19条例证，进行比较分析，并加以阐释，从而就这个方面来进一步论证《红楼梦》对《金瓶梅》的继承、发展和创新。     

Development of a chemically defined medium for Planctopirus limnophila to increase biomass production

BackgroundPlanctomycetes is a phylum of biofilm-forming bacteria with numerous biosynthetic gene clusters, offering a promising source of new bioactive secondary metabolites. However, the current generation of chemically defined media achieves only low biomass yields, hindering research on these species. We therefore developed a chemically defined medium for the model organism Planctopirus limnophila to increase biomass production.ResultsWe found that P. limnophila grows best with a 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer. The replacement of complex nitrogen sources with defined amino acid solutions did not inhibit growth. Screening for vitamin requirements revealed that only cyanocobalamin (B12) is needed for growth. We used response surface methodology to optimize the medium, resulting in concentrations of 10 g/L glucose, 34 mL/L Hutner’s basal salts, 23.18 mM KNO₃, 2.318 mM NH₄Cl and 0.02 mg/L cyanocobalamin. The analysis of amino acid consumption allowed us to develop a customized amino acid solution lacking six of the amino acids present in Aminoplasmal 10%. Fed-batch cultivation in a bioreactor using the optimized medium achieved a final ΔOD₆₀₀ of 46.8 ± 0.5 after 108 h, corresponding to a cell dry weight of 13.6 ± 0.7 g/L.ConclusionsThe optimized chemically defined medium allowed us to produce larger amounts of biomass more quickly than reported in earlier studies. Further research should focus on triggering P. limnophila biofilm formation to activate the gene clusters responsible for secondary metabolism.How to cite: Kruppa OC, Gerlach D, Fan R, et al. Development of a chemically defined medium for Planctopirus limnophila to increase biomass production. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.09.002.     

恩格斯与列宁关于真理问题探讨的比较

在马克思主义发展史上恩格斯和列宁都有关于真理问题的探讨,根据时代提出的问题,两人都在坚持真理上的唯物论和辩证法方面维护了马克思主义的历史地位。恩格斯在《反杜林论》中针对杜林的永恒真理强调真理的条件性,列宁在《唯物主义和经验批判主义》中针对俄国的马赫主义强调真理的客观性,列宁对恩格斯继承和发展的地方在于探讨了关于实践标准的辩证性问题。恩格斯和列宁的真理观自提出以来就受到了来自马克思主义内部和西方哲学界的质疑和挑战。关于真理问题的探讨是对马克思主义真理观的丰富和发展,在马克思主义发展史上以及对当前中国的社会建设具有重要的意义。     

比较文学教学的四个关键词

比较文学作为一门学科,内容丰富、学理性强。如何使学生真正了解比较文学学科的价值、意义,使他们正确运用比较文学原理、方法,深入开展文学研究,四个关键词至关重要,即：比较;影响;可比性;变异性。学生只有充分了解关键词的含义,切实掌握了关键词的运用,比较文学的教学才能收到事半功倍的成效。     

The self experience of the gifted person: Theory and definitions

Recent articles on the gifted self are characterized by theoretical confusion and lack of definitional clarity. This article, anchored in current self psychology theory, defines the self experience as the person's subjective experience of organization and meaning, the maintenance of which is crucial to normal functioning. Interactions with others are a formative part of the self experience. Traits of giftedness, and the reactions of others to these, contribute to the gifted self experience. Social and emotional problems of giftedness, such as those that arise with asynchronous development and perfectionism, are based on a compromised sense of cohesion and unity of the self experience.     

论篇章结构教学法与短文写作

文章探讨了篇章结构教学法的特点，分析了篇章结构教学法适应的范围及条件，并根据教学实践的经验积累，把在英文短文写作中的中西方思维方式作了对比，提出了篇章结构教学法在英文短文写作中的实施建议与注意问题。