汉字形码输字技术的现状与易通输入法

简析汉字形码输入法发展中存在的问题,指出当前社会上使用的形码输字技术解决输字工作存在的十个主要缺点及产生根源,给出能使现有形码输字技术存在的十个主要缺点得到全面克服的易通输入法的字词编码方案、输字学习软件与编码信息查询工具。     

Measurement of active drag during crawl arm stroke swimming

In order to measure active drag during front crawl swimming a system has been designed, built and tested. A tube (23 m long) with grips is fixed under the water surface and the swimmer crawls on this. At one end of the tube, a force transducer is attached to the wall of the swimming pool. It measures the momentary effective propulsive forces of the hands. During the measurements the subjects’ legs are fixed together and supported by a buoy. After filtering and digitizing the electrical force signal, the mean propulsive force over one lane at constant speeds (ranging from about 1 to 2 m s^‐1) was calculated. The regression equation of the force on the speed turned out to be almost quadratic. At a mean speed of 1.55 m s^‐1 the mean force was 66.3 N. The accuracy of this force measured on one subject at different days was 4.1 N. The observed force, which is equal to the mean drag force, fits remarkably well with passive drag force values as well as with values calculated for propulsive forces during actual swimming reported in the literature. The use of the system does not interfere to any large extent with normal front crawl swimming; this conclusion is based on results of observations of film by skilled swim coaches. It was concluded that the system provides a good method of studying active drag and its relation to anthropometric variables and swimming technique.     

血脂对老年慢性心房颤动患者缺血性中风的影响

目的探讨血脂对老年慢性心房颤动(chronic atrial fibrillation,CAF)患者发生缺血性中风的影响.方法对资料完整的182例老年(＞60岁)CAF患者进行前瞻性研究,分析血脂与缺血性中风的关系.结果老年CAF患者血清胆固醇和甘油三酯增高、高密度脂蛋白降低与缺血性中风有明显关系(P＜0.05),其中胆固醇增高与缺血性中风关系最显著(P＜0.001).结论血脂异常是老年CAF患者发生缺血性中风的重要危险因素.     

石涛画论浅议

明朝大画家石涛的画论,极大地影响着当时的画坛和他以后各代画坛。本文论述了石涛关于“一画”、“皴法”、“似与不似”等理论。     

论易通输入法与最佳四键一字汉字形码输入法的关系

讨论确定易通输入法编码质量的四要素与确定最佳四键一字汉字形码输入法编码质量的四要素间的关系,论证易通输人法与最佳四键一字汉字形码输入法的关系是：易通输入法的研究已找到获取最佳四键一字汉字形码输入法的必用工具和必用办法,易通输入法与最佳四键一字汉字形码输入法的差距已经不大,且其差距都基本产生于对编码质量影响不大的不确定因素,最佳四键一字汉字形码输入法只宜在易通输入法的基础上通过修改对编码质量影响不大的次要做法获得。     

试析中国画笔墨的写意性

中国画笔墨是中国画区别于其它画种的主要特征,写意性正是中国画笔墨语言形式的本质内容。中国画笔墨不仅是一种工具材料属性和使用方法规则,而且是重要的绘画语言形式和鉴赏标准,这种多重属性特征无不以写意性融贯其中,传达着中国画特有的审美趣味。     

现代蝶泳技术发展特点(上)

近年蝶泳正朝着加快频率、减少阻力的技术方向发展,特别是以潘克拉托夫为代表的出发、转身后采用海豚式打腿的技术,打破了保持长达八年的男子100米蝶泳纪录,证明这一技术的成熟与合理。本文以一些优秀蝶泳运动员的技术特点为研究对象,用比较、分析的方法,探求近年蝶泳技术的发展特点,供广大教动员参考。     

偏置曲柄滑块机构的优化设计

在传统图解法的基础上,运用文献【1】中的设计原理,推导出在满足给定的滑块行程和行程速度变化系数的条件下,使偏置曲柄滑块机构的最小传动角达到最大（最佳传动角）的优化设计方法。     

Biomechanics,energetics and coordination during extreme swimming intensity: effect of performance level

The present study aimed to examine how high- and low-speed swimmers organise biomechanical, energetic and coordinative factors throughout extreme intensity swim. Sixteen swimmers (eight high- and eight low-speed) performed, in free condition, 100-m front crawl at maximal intensity and 25, 50 and 75-m bouts (at same pace as the previous 100-m), and 100-m maximal front crawl on the measuring active drag system (MAD-system). A 3D dual-media optoelectronic system was used to assess speed, stroke frequency, stroke length, propelling efficiency and index of coordination (IdC), with power assessed by MAD-system and energy cost by quantifying oxygen consumption plus blood lactate. Both groups presented a similar profile in speed, power output, stroke frequency, stroke length, propelling efficiency and energy cost along the effort, while a distinct coordination profile was observed (F_{(3, 42)} = 3.59, P = 0.04). Speed, power, stroke frequency and propelling efficiency (not significant, only a tendency) were higher in high-speed swimmers, while stroke length and energy cost were similar between groups. Performing at extreme intensity led better level swimmers to achieve superior speed due to higher power and propelling efficiency, with consequent ability to swim at higher stroke frequencies. This imposes specific constraints, resulting in a distinct IdC magnitude and profile between groups.     

优秀运动员皮艇K1-500 m加速阶段的速度构成研究

运用两台高速摄像机,对2005年全国皮划艇春季冠军赛中参加单人皮艇500m决赛的36名优秀男、女运动员的启航加速阶段进行跟踪扫描录像分析。结果显示:启航加速能力男子A(前1~9名)、B(前10~18名)2组无统计学意义,女子A、B组则有非常显著性差异;启航阶段男子A组的拉桨效果优于B组;女子A组桨频高于B组,B组启航时间和总成绩高度正相关;其余3组无统计相关意义。提示,启航阶段以提高每桨的划水效果获取艇速增加的技术更符合现代优秀运动员体能结构经济有效分配模式的技术要求。