数值模拟技术在本科工程力学课程教学中的应用

在分析工程力学课程教学现状的基础上,提出了将数值模拟方法引入到工程力学教学中来,将工程力学的教学与数值模拟技术紧密结合在一起,使工程力学教学中难以讲解清楚的现象直观地展现在学生面前,对学生力学分析的基本技能和计算机操作与软件应用能力的提高起到一定的作用。     

深化文化体制改革 释放文化创造活力

文化是民族的血脉,是人民的精神家园,是政党的精神旗帜。抓住难得机遇,积极应对挑战,在新的历史起点上推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣,必须鼓起奋发进取的勇气,以对党和人民高度负责的精神,坚持社会主义先进文化前进方向,以科学发展为主题,不断深化文化体制改革、推动文化创新、依靠科技驱动,焕发文化创造活力,以高度的文化自觉、文化自信,实现文化自强,推动湖南文化科学跨越发展。     

基于DBN模型与Kinect数据的高尔夫挥杆重建

人们对高尔夫运动的兴趣在过去的10年间爆发式增长,同时高尔夫球员的数量也显著增加.因此,如何训练一个球员做出适当和准确的挥杆动作已经引起研究者的广泛关注.在此类研究中最重要的步骤是挥杆动作的捕获与重建.至今为止,以Kinect为代表的深度成像设备受其基础条件的限制,其捕获的挥杆运动可能会由于运动中肢体之间的互相遮挡与肢体识别时产生的混乱丧失足够的精确度.为了从肢体互相遮挡并且分辨率较低的深度图像信息中恢复比较精确的运动信息,该文提出一个用于描述人体关节点之间空间关系与关节点动态特性的动态贝叶斯网络(DBN)模型,并基于该模型实现了高尔夫挥杆动作的重建.实验结果表明,该算法能够实现重建精度媲美商用的光学运动捕获系统(OMocap),并且比现有的深度信息修改算法具有更好的性能.     

竞技体育文化的动态和谐理论阐释

竞技体育文化的发展是一个动态的过程,是一个不断化解文化发展中不和谐因素,从而达到和谐状态的过程,竞技体育文化中的和谐与不和谐是相对的,它们在一种动态的过程中推进竞技体育文化的发展。     

The dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point (DCRe): introducing relative and absolute reliability scores

Analytical methods to assess thigh muscle balance need to provide reliable data to allow meaningful interpretation. However, reproducibility of the dynamic control ratio at the equilibrium point has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare relative and absolute reliability indices of its angle and moment values with conventional and functional hamstring–quadriceps ratios. Furthermore, effects of familiarisation and angular velocity on reproducibility were analysed. A number of 33 male volunteers participated in 3 identical test sessions. Peak moments (PMs) were determined unilaterally during maximum concentric and eccentric knee flexion (prone) and extension (supine position) at 0.53, 1.57 and 2.62 rad · s^–1. A repeated measure, ANOVA, confirmed systematic bias. Intra-class correlation coefficients and standard errors of measurement indicated relative and absolute reliability. Correlation coefficients were averaged over respective factors and tested for significant differences. All balance scores showed comparable low-to-moderate relative (<0.8–0.9) and good absolute reliability (<10%). Relative reproducibility of dynamic control equilibrium parameters augmented with increasing angular velocity, but not with familiarisation. At 2.62 rad · s^–1, high (moment: 0.906) to moderate (angle: 0.833) relative reliability scores with accordingly high absolute indices (4.9% and 6.4%) became apparent. Thus, the dynamic control equilibrium is an equivalent method for the reliable assessment of thigh muscle balance.     

A knock to the system: A new sociotechnical systems approach to sport-related concussion

Broader contextual factors that influence concussion management have tended to be overlooked. To address this, the present study used a sociotechnical systems approach to identify perceived responsibilities and applied strategies for three domains of concussion management (i.e., prevention, identification and treatment). Participants were 118 members of the community rugby union system in Australia (69.2% male). Participants from throughout the rugby system (e.g., players, parents, coaches, club management) were asked open-ended questions about their perceived responsibilities and the strategies they use for concussion management. It was found that (a) proper training, technique correction and education were recurrent prevention themes; (b) the majority of key stakeholders felt that they could consistently identify concussion; however, medical aids (medics) were the only system actors who stated a responsibility to use standardised concussion assessment measures and (c) less than one third of the respondents indicated their involvement in treating concussion. This study identifies specific junctures in the system that prevents effective concussion management strategies. A sociotechnical systems approach improves the understanding of concussion prevention, and management beliefs and behaviours.     

1995-2014年羌族中小学生体质健康发展态势研究*

依据全国学生体质与健康调研报告并结合实地调查,采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法、数据统计法和对比研究法,分别对1995~2014年间羌族7-17岁中小学生的身高、体重、胸围、肺活量、50m跑、坐位体前屈六项共性指标进行数据统计分析.结果表明:羌族中小学生身体形态发育水平总体趋势不断提升,身体素质和身体机能下降幅度有所减缓,羌族中小学生整体体质健康状况不容乐观.建议严格实施体质健康监测年度报告制度;构建"社会、学校、家庭"三位一体互动式学生体质健康促进模式;多元协同治理促进学生养成健康的生活方式、良好的体育锻炼习惯;改革供给方式加大对羌、汉族经济落后地区的体育经济投入,完善体育设施、设备等.     

机动车燃油质量及尾气排放与北京市大气污染的相关性

采用GC-MS等仪器分析手段对北京市各主要品牌的燃油进行质量分析,并建立以静稳天气下单位体积中的污染物日均变化为相对参照标准计算各污染物贡献率的新思路。首先研究机动车尾气各主要污染物（CO、HC、NO₂和SO₂）在单位体积的日均排放量,然后分别统计北京市两年（2013年11月-2015年10月）大气中各对应污染物实测的单位体积的日均变化量,再分别计算出汽车尾气对大气各污染物的贡献率。结果如下。1）北京市燃油普遍存在重金属含量超标,硫含量超标,不饱和芳烃含量超标,氮含量偏高（无国标制约）等问题。2）在供暖季,北京市汽车尾气排放的CO、NO₂和SO₂分别占总CO、NO₂和SO₂排放的30.1%、72.4%和6.6%;在非供暖季,汽车尾气排放的CO、NO₂和SO₂分别占总CO、NO₂和SO₂排放的53.3%、74.3%和20.3%;北京市汽车HC排放全年平均分担率约为67.8%。研究结果表明,燃油是北京市大气污染的主要原因。最后为北京市大气污染的有效治理提出具体的建议和措施。     

应用北斗卫星导航系统的船舶AIS数据采集

为克服自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)在船舶动态监控中存在盲区这一缺陷,研究如何通过北斗卫星导航系统转发AIS数据,以使得监控区域覆盖陆上AIS基站的盲区以及实现装载北斗卫星导航系统船舶周围指定船舶的监控.将本船AIS接收的周围船舶AIS信息添加优先权位后存入相应数据库中;采用数据选择、过滤、压缩等技术处理数据,通过北斗卫星导航系统将处理过的数据发送到岸上基站.通过北斗卫星导航系统转发AIS信息,能有效监控AIS盲区内没装北斗卫星导航系统的船舶,有效增大船舶动态监控的范围.     

基于船舶航行仿真的吴淞口建闸方案优化

为评价吴淞口3个建闸方案的可行性,提出一种基于船舶航行仿真的建闸方案选优方法.通过观测和分析黄浦江交通流情况,选出恰当的代表船型并搜集代表船型的船舶资料建立船舶操纵模型,制作电子海图.根据水文气象信息设计各仿真试验方案,在考虑船舶习惯航法的基础上进行单船及大小船交会的仿真试验;分析重要指标,如航道宽度、转向角等,确定推荐方案并在此基础上进行优化.该方法能为吴淞口建闸方案的确定提供科学依据,可作为评价比选建闸方案的有效新途径.