论述幼儿心理发展中的敏感期

敏感期是儿童在发展过程中产生的一种独特的心理现象,是一种天生的美德和内驱力、是儿童最容易对特定刺激作出反应、并使自身能力得到最佳发展的关键时期。因此,研究这一心理现象,对开发儿童智力、帮助儿童养成良好的行为习惯以及塑造优秀品质等具有重要意义。     

Studying children's knowledge base of one-sided levers as force amplifiers

Attention to core concepts in science and engineering in early education has grown recently, and understanding levers as force amplifiers can be recognized as one of these. Previous studies focused on two-sided levers and do not provide sufficient information about children's knowledge of levers as force amplifiers, nor about their learning and its support from an education perspective. It is important to consider load distance and force distance separately, as may be done in one-sided levers, to understand children's knowledge of levers as “simple machines” thoroughly. Moreover, children's zone of proximal development and the possibilities to foster their knowledge should be explored to understand important features of teaching. We thus directed two studies with 6- to 7-year-old children. In study 1, we conducted a paper-and-pencil test in the context of wheelbarrows (N = 370; age M = 6.62). We investigated whether it is possible to empirically separate the features load, load distance, and force distance as well as to determine their level of difficulty. Our study showed that children's concepts of the three aspects load, load distance, and force distance are fragmented, with children finding it continuously more difficult to judge load, load distance, and force distance correctly. In study 2, we developed a 20-min intervention with a controlled 2 × 2 pre-post follow-up design for exploring the zone of proximal development of 304 6- to 7-year-old children in the domain of one-sided levers as force amplifiers, focusing on force distance and load distance. We implemented a structured learning environment that encouraged the children to manipulate wheelbarrows and supported them with pictures and/or verbal prompts. 6- to 7-year-old children had a higher learning gain when they were exposed to scaffolds that combined pictures and verbal prompts in the posttest as well as in the follow-up test four weeks later compared to the control group.     

五年一贯制高职前期教育策略

通过五年一贯制高职教育和三年制高职教育的比较,提出五年一贯制教育的前两年为前期教育阶段,探讨了在这一阶段可以实施的教学和管理策略,以期促进五年一贯制高职教育的发展。     

论新时期发展研究生党员的意义

高校是培养和选拔高素质人才的摇篮,在高校积极做好研究生党员发展工作,对实施"人才强国"战略目标,为改革开放和中国特色社会主义事业提供强大的智力支持和思想保证,具有重大的意义。     

Interweaving a mindfully somatic pedagogy into an early childhood classroom

There has been considerable distress in early childhood classrooms due to a cultural bias of Cartesian dualism, which has led to the bullying and disappearance of Body in education. Efforts of bringing about shifts in pedagogical practices toward holistic, bodily views of the self must be supported and developed. However, with classrooms that are filled with less movement and play, the marginalization of Body is of major concern. Interdisciplinary educational settings may be rich in exposing potentials and challenges of a nondual pedagogy implemented in unconsciously dualistic classroom cultures. The purpose of this article is to describe the barriers to implementation of a Mindfully Somatic Pedagogy, as well as affordances to young children throughout a preschool yoga class over an academic year. This research provides a basis for understanding how a Mindfully Somatic Pedagogy can curate holistic, first-person experiences of young children’s bodily selves within a classroom. Likewise, differing expectations of Body from adults in classrooms can lead to mixed messages for children. Understanding how bodily experiences afford young children’s development and teachers responses to Body in the classroom is informative in understanding the roles a school culture can have on the relationship between child development and teacher pedagogy.     

Situated decoding of gender in a Swedish preschool practice

This article is based on data generated in an ethnographic study of gender in a Swedish preschool. Drawing on Judith Butler’s understanding of performativity and (un)doing of gender, a new theoretical concept, situated decoding of gender, is further developed by showing how the material and spatial dimension of the educational practice and the teachers’ actions contribute to establishing and maintaining this process in an early childhood educational setting. Instead of normalising the gender binary, a reverse process occurs that turns what is perceived as feminine or masculine into a gender decoded state in which gender is made less relevant, or even irrelevant. It is argued that this continuous reiterative process emerges and is maintained by three main factors: (a) the preschool’s physical environment, (b) the regular and repetitive structure of the educational practice and (c) the consistent actions of the teachers in the everyday practice.     

清代光宣两朝甘肃地区经济状况述评——以陕甘新驿道沿途为中心

同治回民大起义期间,甘肃众多地区沦为战场。战后的光绪、宣统朝,甘肃各地的经济状况直接关系到清廷在西北的政权统治情况以及甘肃民众的生活质量,甚至对清末乃至民国初期甘肃的社会发展亦产生了一定的影响。以陕甘新驿道沿途为中心,对光宣两朝甘肃地区的堡寨兴废、民众生活、军队建设等方面情况进行梳理总结,这有助于我们全面认识同治回民大起义的影响以及清末乃至民国初年甘肃经济、政治格局形成的原因。     

Transforming Education through School-community Partnerships: Lessons from Four Rural Early Childhood Development Schools in Zimbabwe

This article presents and discusses the findings of a multi-case study that was conducted in four remote rural early childhood development (ECD) schools located in the Chiredzi district, in Masvingo province, Zimbabwe. The article explored how school heads enhanced resources mobilisation in remote rural ECD schools through school-community partnerships in order to improve teaching and learning conditions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the school heads, deputy heads and teachers in charge. Document reviews and observations were also used to augment data from interviews. Invitational leadership was used as an analytic tool for the study. The findings suggest that the school heads succeeded to some degree in bringing parents and various stakeholders to the ECD schools to deal with the challenges facing them. Various strategies were used including tapping into local knowledge to ensure that parents who could afford to pay fees managed to do so.     

从“くらい”的清浊音在现代日语中的变化了解语言的时代感

本文从现代日语中清音、浊音的读音及使用办法的变化出发,解释说明了导致其变化的多种原因,并详细阐述了时代背景对此的重要影响,从而诠释了现代日语的时代感。     

延安时期学习运动的历史经验及现实启示

延安时期学习运动是中国共产党在党的建设的重要历史阶段开展的一场马克思主义学习与教育运动。在毛泽东等中央领导人的率先垂范和直接指导下,广大党员干部学习目的明确、学习内容新颖、学习方法独特,学习氛围空前浓厚,取得了良好的学习效果。延安时期学习运动的历史经验对当前建设马克思主义学习型政党有着诸多有益的启示。