Psychometric Properties of a Parental Questionnaire for Assessing Correlates of Toddlers’ Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior

This study examined the psychometric properties of a questionnaire developed with the guidance of the socialization model of child behaviour to understand modifiable correlates of toddlers’ physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Findings are based on 118 parents (33.7 ± 4.9 years; 86% female) of toddlers (19.3 ± 2.7 months; 48% female) from Edmonton, Canada in The Parents’ Role in Establishing healthy Physical activity and Sedentary behaviour habits study (PREPS). The PREPS questionnaire encompassed 21 variables across the constructs of the socialization model of child behaviour. Of the nine variables assessed for internal consistency reliability, eight had good (α ≥ 0.70) reliability. Of the 15 continuous variables assessed for 1-week test–retest reliability, 10 had moderate (intra-class correlation = 0.50–0.74) and 5 had good (intra-class correlation ≥ 0.75) reliability. Of the six categorical variables assessed for 1-week test–retest reliability, two had fair (К = 0.21–0.40), one had moderate (К = 0.41–0.60), one had substantial (К = 0.61–0.80), and two had almost perfect (К = 0.81–1.00) reliability. Of the 12 sedentary behaviour variables assessed for convergent validity, 7 were significantly correlated with children’s screen time, of which three were small (r ≤ 0.29), two were medium (r = 0.30–0.49), and two were large (r ≥ 0.50) effect sizes.     

Feasibility and concurrent validity of a cardiorespiratory fitness test based on the adaptation of the original 20 m shuttle run: The 20 m shuttle run with music

ABSTRACT

The purpose was to examine the feasibility of the 20m shuttle run test with music and to test its concurrent validity with the original 20m shuttle run test. A total of 386 adolescents (14.5±1.6 years old, 48.9% boys) participated in our study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess student’s perception about the 20m shuttle run test with music and the original and to assess perceived exertion. Participants performed randomly the 20m shuttle run test with music and original two weeks apart. Average and maximum heart rate were monitored with heart rate monitors. The 20m shuttle run with music was a feasible test for measuring cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents. The concurrent validity showed mean differences of 5.1±14.6 for shuttles, 0.3±0.8 km/h for speed, 0.5±4.1 for stages, and 1.5±4.1 for VO2max (all p<0.001) in favour of the 20m shuttle run with music vs. the original 20m shuttle run test. Mean difference for the rating of perceived exertion was 0.4±2.5 points (p=0.003). No significant difference was found between boys and girls. In conclusion, the 20mSRT-music is feasible and presents a good concurrent validity in adolescents, independently of the sex and it will be an alternative and good approach to assess cardiorespiratory fitness.     

TGMD-3在中国3~12岁儿童基本运动技能测试中的信效度研究

目的: 验证TGMD-3在中国3~12岁儿童基本运动技能测试中的可靠性和有效性。方法: 选取上海、深圳、重庆、洛阳、长沙的512名3~12岁儿童为研究对象进行TGMD-3测试,对测试的难度、区分度、一致性信度、重测信度和评价者信度、结构效度进行统计检验。结果: TGMD-3的13个项目难度范围为0.27~0.78,区分度范围为0.38~0.49。每个年龄组儿童基本运动技能测试(TGMD-3)的内部一致性系数范围为0.808~0.902,其中男女生的内部一致性系数均为0.95;总体的基本运动技能评价者信度(肯德尔协同系数)w为0.944, 2值为28.331,达到显著性水平;重测检验中,移动式运动技能(组内相关系数)ICC为0.755、球类运动技能(组内相关系数)ICC为0.741、总的基本运动技能(组内相关系数)ICC为0.743,均达到了较高水平。通过探索性因子分析验证了TGMD-3的双因子结构,并通过验证性因子分析支持双因子模型(χ²(64)=103.28,p<0.001,CFI=0.960,TLI=0.952,RMSEA=0.049,SRMR=0.043)。结论: TGMD-3儿童基本运动技能测试具有良好的项目难度、区分度,以及可靠的内部一致性信度、重测信度和结构效度,对我国3~12岁儿童具有良好的适用性,可以作为我国儿童基本运动技能发展评价的有效工具。     

浅谈如何提高散手摔法的有效性

文章从适应散手竞赛规则对摔法有效性的特殊要求入手,明确阐述散手摔法的本质内涵及其有效实施所应具备的条件;运用生物学知识和力学原理,并结合散手教学、训练、比赛中的实践经验,系统剖析影响散手摔法有效性的因素,以不断提高摔法的有效性,为进一步探讨散手实战能力的提高提供有益参考。     

The influence of pitch dimensions on performance during small-sided and conditioned soccer games

Abstract

This study examined the influence of pitch dimensions in small-sided soccer games in shaping opportunities for performers to maintain ball possession, pass to teammates and shoot at goal. Fifteen amateur standard male participants (M = 21.87, σ = 1.96 years) played 5 v 5 small-sided soccer games in three varying pitch conditions (28 m × 14 m, 40 m × 20 m and 52 m × 26 m). Thirty sequences of play in each condition were selected for digitisation using TACTO software, allowing the capture of bi-dimensional displacement coordinate data of all players and the ball. The values of interpersonal distance between all attackers and immediate defenders and the relative distances of defenders to intercept a shot and a pass were computed as dependent variables. Results showed existence of fewer opportunities to maintain ball possession on smaller pitches, compared to medium and larger pitches. Conversely, the different dimensions set to the pitch did not influence opportunities for players to shoot at goal, or to perform passes to other teammates. By examining the specific spatial–temporal relationships of players and key-task constraints, the data from this study explain how effects of manipulating pitch dimensions of small-sided games might enhance opportunities for acquiring specific movement and decision-making skills.     

CET4题型设计模式研究——基于任务特征理论的大学英语测试实证探索

任务型语言测试观为大学英语测试（CET）提供了新的理论基础。在Bachman与Palmer的测试任务五特征基础上,创设了新题型设计基本模式,并依据该模式设计新题型对CET4测试进行了初步探索。信度和效度实证检验的结果表明,新题型组的均值虽因主观性试题量的增加而略低于旧题型组,但两者间并无显著性差异。而且新题型还呈现出同期效度值比旧题型高的态势：同时其信度系数也较高且具有显著的统计学意义。     

生态整体主义与可持续发展思想

生态整体主义标志着环境哲学领域出现了一种新范式。这种新范式使人们逐步认识到自然界是一个有机整体,人与自然应该是一种真正平等、公正的关系,人自身为实现人、社会、生态的可持续发展的生态文明做出了积极贡献。因此,我们对生态整体主义进行考察和探究之后,产生一个问题:生态整体主义是否可以成为“可持续发展的指导思想”?笔者认为生态整体主义在某种意义上可以是一种人与自然的整体主义世界观,这对于可持续发展观是可以借鉴的,但是绝对不能成为可持续发展观的指导思想。     

教师教育更新的理念与路径——古德莱德教师教育更新思想探析

美国教育家古德莱德的教师教育更新的理论基础是学校教育的生态模式,更新的核心理念是大学学和中小学同时更新,更新的主要路径主要有大学和中小学的伙伴关系、全国教育更新教网和设立教学中心。挖掘和梳理古德莱德的教师教育更新思想对我国教师教育教育和中小学教育更新具有一定的参考价值。     

重金属铅的生态效应及其地球化学循环

随着工业化的快速发展,大量工业废弃物的无达标排放到环境中,造成了环境污染.其中重金属污染更是引起了人们的高度重视,很多学者对重金属的生态效应及地球化学循环进行了比较深入、系统的研究.本文仅以重金属铅为例,就近年来国内外学者对其的生态学效应、地化循环研究进行了综述,为以后进一步探讨铅污染问题提供有益的借鉴.     

基于Spss17的护理专业预防医学试卷分析

通过对某校本科护理专业预防医学课程考查的试卷分析,为改革教学评价方法,提高教学质量提供依据。运用Spss17.0软件包对试卷的难度、信度、效度和成绩进行统计分析。学生考查成绩近似正态分布,平均分(71.7±7.6),信度0.626,效度0.478,难度0.718。该次考试可信度较好,试卷总体难度适中,成绩分布合理,较好地反映了学生的真实水平。