文献资源共享效益馆藏化评估研究

图书馆文献资源共享评估应从知晓型评估转为应用型评估,即对图书馆文献资源共享的效益进行评估。以文献资源共享深度与广度较高的大学园区为研究对象,将高校图书馆无障碍共享的他校文献资源列入评估范围,通过馆藏化计算可以得出共享成员馆的馆藏数量,进而得出图书馆文献资源共享效益。通过该计算方法所得的结果能够为共享体系成员馆馆藏资源建设提供参考。     

以功效为切入点开展中药学教学的体会

中药学知识零碎、涉及面广、不易学习和掌握。而中药功效在中药理论中居于关键地位,它是联系药性与主治的桥梁与纽带。很多中药的四气五味、升降浮沉、临床应用等,几乎都可以从功效中体现出来。因此,教师可以通过重点分析和教授中药功效,并以此作为切入点,进行中药学学科的教学,以达到更快速、系统、牢固的学习记忆。     

Bringing together acculturation theory and intergroup contact theory: Predictors of Flemings’ expectations of Turks’ acculturation behavior

The present paper explores Flemish majority members’ expectations concerning the acculturation of Turkish minorities. We studied two kinds of antecedents: majority members’ perceptions of Turkish minorities’ acculturation behavior and their experiences of intergroup contact. The possible mediating role of outgroup affect was also investigated. 247 Flemish high school students completed a survey. Data were analyzed using path analyses. Results show that positive contact experiences and perceiving that Turkish immigrants make efforts to engage in contact with the host group and/or to adopt the host culture are associated with less negative affective reactions towards Turkish migrants. Perceiving that Turkish immigrants maintain their heritage culture is associated with more negative affective reactions. Our results further revealed that increased negative affective reactions are associated with less support for culture maintenance and for contact with the host group but with a higher demand for host culture adoption. The present results also show that expectations of contact engagement and expectations of host culture adoption cannot be considered as equivalent. This implies that results from studies using Berry's conceptualization of acculturation expectations (Berry, 2001) and results from studies using Bourhis’ conceptualization of acculturation expectations (Bourhis, Moïse, Perreault, & Senécal, 1997) are not directly comparable. Our data also clearly disconfirm the orthogonal structure of the fourfold acculturation model for majority members’ acculturation expectations, suggesting that relying on the specific dimensions defining acculturation expectations may constitute a more valid approach to understand ongoing acculturation processes.     

小学教师心理契约与个人教学效能感研究

为探讨小学教师心理契约和个人教学效能感之间的关系,以甘肃省张掖市的220名小学教师为被试,采用《教师心理契约量表》和《中小学教师个人教学效能感量表》进行了调查。结果表明:心理契约在性别、受教育程度上没有显著性差异(p0.05),但在年龄、教龄、学校所在地3个变量上存在差异(p0.05)。个人教学效能感在性别、年龄、职务、学校所在地上没有差异(p0.05),在受教育程度、教龄职称上有差异(p0.05)。心理契约与个人教学效能感之间呈显著正相关,学校现实责任与教学策略、课堂管理呈正相关,和激励学生无显著相关;教师现实责任与课堂管理之间无显著相关,但是与教学策略激励学生之间具有显著正相关;教师发展责任在教学策略、课堂管理、激励学生三个维度上存在正相关,其中在教学策略、课堂管理的维度上相关很显著。     

独立学院毕业生就业期望影响因素研究——基于人力资本和社会资本的双重考察

依托母体高校举办的独立学院具有在招生、人才培养、就业指导等的特殊性,其毕业生所拥有人力资本和社会资本对就业期望可能产生特定的影响。基于人力资本和社会资本的双重因素,对某独立学院2012届毕业生的就业期望进行问卷调查和实证分析,结果显示独立学院学生在人力资本和社会资本的存量上存在差异;社会资本相对人力资本,对毕业生就业预期的影响更大些。为此,独立学院毕业生要正视所处的教育生态环境,理性认识人力资本和社会资本、高校要分类指导人力资本和社会资本不同含量的毕业生,正确认识社会资本的作用。既要维护"继承性社会资本"。也要开发"生成性社会资本"。政府应做好毕业生就业流向的合理疏导。     

读者批评理论视角下的《少年Pi的奇幻漂流》

由好莱坞华人导演李安执导的影片《少年Pi的奇幻漂流》一经上映,便好评如潮。该影片之所以会掀起观影热潮,因为该影片不仅满足了观众（读者）的期待视野,还在某些地方颠覆了观众（读者）的期待视野。此外,该影片在多处设置了不确定性和意义空白,激发观众（读者）去体会,想象,思考,填补,邀请观众（读者）参与影片的创作。本文试站在读者批评理论视角下,从四个方面分析该影片取得成功的原因。     

异地高考政策认同对随迁子女教育期望的影响机制探究

异地高考政策作为高考改革的一项重要内容,是否有助于随迁子女形成良好的教育期望?针对11个地区中8-11年级随迁子女的抽样研究表明:异地高考政策认同与其教育期望之间存在显著正相关。异地高考政策认同对随迁子女教育期望的影响及作用从微观层面来看,能够增强个体学业成绩对其教育期望各维度的正向影响;从中观层面来看,能够增强家庭社会资本对其教育期望部分维度的正向影响,能够削弱学校阶层隔离对其教育期望部分维度的负向影响;从宏观层面来看,能够削弱社会歧视知觉各维度的负向影响。因此,随迁子女异地高考政策认同对其教育期望存在着“正义补偿”“以考促学”及“城乡融合”等作用机制。如果这些随迁子女得到了社会公共政策的有效支持,有幸形成良好的教育期望,或许在阶层再生产逻辑之侧并行着社会流动的渠道。     

“望子成龙”有效吗?--基于亲子教育期望偏差对学业成绩的影响研究

教育期望是个体、父母或教师对学习者未来教育水平的预期,对学业表现与个体发展影响巨大。大量研究忽视了父母和子女之间教育期望差异的普遍存在,而相关差异极易造成个体欠佳的行为表现。本文基于2014—2015年“中国教育追踪调查”数据,采用最小二乘回归(OLS)、倾向得分匹配(PSM)和Bootstrap法中介效应检验,探究亲子教育期望偏差对青少年学业成绩的影响及作用机制。研究发现:亲子教育期望偏差显著负向影响青少年的学业成绩。以强烈的“望子成龙”心愿为典型表现的上偏型亲子教育期望偏差并不合理,对学业成绩有显著负向影响,而下偏型亲子教育期望偏差与学业成绩之间不存在显著关系。心理压力、学业负担和负向情绪在上偏型亲子教育期望偏差和学业成绩之间起部分中介作用。与女生相比,男生的学业成绩更易受到上偏型亲子教育期望偏差的负向冲击。基于此,提出形成适度教育期望、增进亲子沟通交流等对策建议。     

用电影文本提高大学生挫折应对效能的研究

目的:为了促进和提高大学生耐挫能力,增强大学生的挫折应对效能。方法:以电影文本为媒介,整合心理治疗理论"再决定说"、"归因理论"、"情绪ABC"理论引导学生对脚本进行分析和分享,并在课前与课后施测《应对效能问卷》并对施测结果做统计显著性检验。结果:借助电影文本的形式开展大学生挫折应对效能的干预是有效的,主要通过对提高大学生应对挫折时的胜任力和认知水平起作用的。电影可以作为提高大学生挫折应对效能的工具。     

Teachers’ resilience and well-being: a role for educational psychology

The retention and resilience of teachers are subject to many influences. Children’s behaviour is often cited as a major source of stress for teachers and a challenge to their resilience. We suggest that an understanding of teachers’ attributions and efficacy beliefs may provide the foundations for work to support teachers. We outline findings from research that has examined teachers’ attributions for the causes of children’s misbehaviour, teachers’ beliefs in their efficacy as classroom managers of children’s behaviour as well as how, in principle, such beliefs may be supported and enhanced. We also relate these findings to those associated with educational and developmental outcomes for children. We conclude with some illustrative evidence of ways (involving consultation and other interventions) that applied psychologists have contributed to the professional well-being and resilience of teachers.