Different Disciplines Require Different Motivations for Student Success

This article reports an investigation of undergraduate motivation to learn. A Likert-type rating scale measure of motivation incorporated the general motivational dimensions identified by previous investigators, as well as a systematic theoretical framework that is more novel, and attempts to acknowledge the role of discipline-specific factors in motivation to learn. The motivation questionnaire was evaluated by measuring its success in explaining the academic achievement of biology, history, computing, planning, anthropology, geology, food science and nutrition, and education students (n = 380) in standard university assessments. The findings reveal that student performance is better explained by within- than across-discipline indexes of motivation, probably because some types of motivation lead to success in some disciplines but failure in others. Furthermore, items based on the theoretical framework developed to underpin the questionnaire (which distinguishes outcome from process incentives) were also found to explain more variation in student performance than general motivation items. Some practical implications of the findings are considered.     

高职学生绩效管理的实证研究

将绩效管理理论运用于高职学生管理中，采用现场研究方法设置试验组（45人）和控制组（71人），对试验组进行学生绩效管理控制。一个学期后考察学生德育、智育、体育和综合能力考评情况。试验结果表明在学生管理中采取绩效管理的思想与方法，可以显著提高学生绩效。     

Factors affecting the career progress of academic accountants in Australia: Cross-institutional and gender perspectives

Since the late 1980s, Australian highereducation has undergone significant reforms andpolicy changes based on economic rationalismand modernisation of management. This paperexamines the outcomes of the reform processesbased on the career attributes, status andperceptions of work environment of academicaccountants in Australian universities.Similarities and differences between academicaccountants are explored fromcross-institutional and gender perspectives.The data provide insight into a number ofsystemic inequalities between the older andmore established universities and the neweruniversities. In specific, across-institutional analysis based on fouruniversity types: Sandstones/Redbricks,Gumtrees, Unitechs and New (Marginson 1999)indicates that academic accountants in Newuniversities employ a much lower proportion ofstaff with PhD qualification, a weakerpublication profile, and perceive greaterbarriers for conducting research in terms of ashortage of research mentors, colleagues withresearch experience, and post-graduatestudents. Further, the commitment to flexiblelearning and delivery strategies iscomparatively stronger in Unitechs, and posesadditional demands on accounting academics'overall workload. Perceptions of gender-baseddiscrimination by female academic accountantsare generally stronger than their malecounterparts, particularly, in Newuniversities. These results raise severalissues for academic accountants at both theinstitutional and individual level in terms ofequal employment opportunities, management ofresearch programmes, development of teachingstrategies and individual time management.     

外界条件对溴冷机性能影响的研究

溴化锂吸收式制冷机的性能，通常指运行时所产生的冷量及与之相关的热力系数，蒸汽单耗等技术经济指标而言，分析影响溴冷机性能的各种因素，研究提高溴冷机性能，延长使用寿命的方案。     

试论高等学校的环境育人工作

分析了高等学校育人环境的概念与分类，校内及校外环境对高等学校育人工作所起的作用，对推动素质教育工作具有一定的指导意义。     

声乐表演的二度创造--谈歌曲演唱的创作方法

从声乐表演的基本属性出发 ,阐明了歌曲声乐表演“从外到内”、再“从内到外”的分析、体验、表现作品的创作方法     

计算机处理器性能的衡量

处理器在整个计算机中占了很重要的部分,很多用户都关心处理器的性能表现如何以及怎样衡量它的性能.作者主要从两个方面介绍其性能的技术参数指标.     

校阅在CAT与FIT中对受测者行为表现与状态焦虑水平的影响

校阅(review)对CAT中受测者心理影响的研究有利于CAT的推广应用。J.Oleat等研究者在CAT(computerizedadaptivetest,计算机自适应性测验)与FIT(fixed-itemtest,固定项目测验)中,将校阅(review)对受测者行为表现与状态焦虑水平的影响作了比较研究。实验结果表明,在允许校阅的环境中,受测者正确反应与被估计的能力水平显著增加,并且状态焦虑水平下降。本文对J.Oleat等研究者的主要研究成果进行了详细的评述,并进一步探讨了在CAT中增设校阅(review)环境的重要性和可能性。     

智能型入侵检测模型的设计

针对目前大多数入侵检测系统存在的局限性,提出了一种较为完善的入侵检测模型,即将专家系统和神经网络技术同时应用于入侵检测系统中,重点分析了规则的生成.为进一步提高检测性能,提出了遗传算法优化BP(Back Propagation)神经网络,经论证本设计降低了漏报率和误报率.