腘绳肌拉伤可变危险因素的筛选及对策研究

目的:对腘绳肌拉伤可变危险因素进行分析和筛选,确定主要危险因素,为损伤预防指明方向。方法:以河北省体育运动学校28名学生为研究对象,依据是否发生过单侧腘绳肌拉伤将其分为未受伤组(18人)和受伤组(10人);用Biodex System-3型等速肌力测试系统,对两组学生两膝关节进行屈伸测试,得到两组学生的腘绳肌峰力矩、腘绳肌最佳力矩角度、股四头肌峰力矩、股四头肌最佳力矩角度、股四头肌峰力矩与腘绳肌峰力矩比值(Q/H),并对所得数据进行统计分析。结果:受伤组伤侧腘绳肌峰力矩明显小于健侧(P0.05),伤侧Q/H显著大于健侧和未受伤组(P0.05)。伤侧腘绳肌最佳力矩角度大于健侧,有非常显著性差异(P0.01)。结论及建议:腘绳肌最佳力矩角度、腘绳肌峰力矩、Q/H可以作为腘绳肌拉伤的预测指标,建议选择适当的力量练习以预防腘绳肌拉伤。     

男子古典式摔跤运动员膝关节肌力特征研究

采用文献资料法、专家访谈法以及等速肌力测试法,对不同水平的古典式摔跤运动员膝关节最大力量、快速力量、力量耐力及平均峰力矩等指标进行对比分析.结果发现:所选取一级运动员在膝关节伸、屈肌群最大力量、快速力量及力量耐力上均优于二级运动员;古典式摔跤运动员膝关节屈、伸肌群平均峰力矩之比均随速度加快而增大,且膝关节屈肌力量增长幅度高于其他项目运动员.建议在今后训练中应注重结合专项技术动作发展膝关节的快速蹬伸能力,努力提高膝关节伸、屈肌群的最大力量、快速力量及力量耐力水平,并注意膝关节伸、屈肌群力量的均衡发展.     

Isokinetic imbalance of hip muscles in soccer players with osteitis pubis

Abstract

In this study, we compared the isokinetic torques of hip flexors/extensors and abductors/adductors in soccer players suffering from osteitis pubis (OP), with normal soccer players. Twenty soccer male athletes with OP and 20 normal soccer athletes were included in this study. Peak torque/body weight (PT/BW) was recorded from hip flexor/extensor and abductor/adductor muscles during isokinetic concentric contraction modes at angular velocity of 2.1 rad · s^?1, for both groups. The results showed a significant difference between the normal and OP groups for hip flexors (P < 0.05). The normal group had significant, lower PT/BW value than the OP group for their hip flexors (P < 0.05). The hip flexor/extensor PT ratio of OP affected and non-affected limbs was significantly different from that of normal dominant and non-dominant limbs. There were no significant differences between the normal and OP groups for hip extensor, adductor and abductor muscles (P > 0.05). Regarding the hip adductor/abductor PT ratio, there was no significant difference between the normal and OP groups of athletes (P > 0.05). The OP group displayed increase in hip flexor strength that disturbed the hip flexor/extensor torque ratio of OP. Therefore, increasing the hip extensor strength should be part of rehabilitation programmes of patients with OP.     

Functional hamstrings: quadriceps ratios in elite women's soccer players

Abstract

We compared starters and non-starters for various isokinetic strength variables in elite women’s soccer players. A convenience sample of 10 starters (mean ± s; age = 20 ± 2 years; height = 170 ± 4 cm; body mass = 65 ± 5 kg) and 7 non-starters (age = 20 ± 1 years; height = 164 ± 3 cm; body mass = 63 ± 4 kg) performed maximal voluntary muscle actions of the leg extensors (concentric) and flexors (eccentric) on an isokinetic dynamometer in order to measure concentric peak torque for the leg extensors, eccentric peak torque for the leg flexors, and the functional hamstrings:quadriceps (H:Q) ratio at 1.047 rad · s^-1 and 4.189 rad · s^-1 concentric peak torque for the leg extensors was not different between starters and non-starters. However, it was greater at 1.047 rad · s^-1 than at 4.189 rad · s^-1 in both groups. Eccentric peak torque for the leg flexors was greater for the starters versus non-starters at 4.189 rad · s^-1. Eccentric strength of the leg flexors at fast movement velocities may be used as an effective physiological profile and may discriminate between playing status in elite women’s soccer players.     

浅析颈部肌肉力量训练的作用

本文分析论述了颈部肌肉力量在体育运动中的作用,强调了颈部肌肉训练在体育训练中的重要意义,以引起教练员和运动员的充分重视。     

胸部健美训练

分析了胸部肌群的解剖结构和功能,并详细阐述男女胸部的生理特点,并根据其不同分别提出相应的健美训练方法.     

百米跑中肌肉放松技术的研究及应用

百米跑是一项高强度的无氧代谢运动项目,多数运动员在百米训练和比赛过程中由于过分紧张而造成成绩不理想或成绩总是停滞不前.其原因主要是没有很好地掌握百米跑中的肌肉自然放松技术.因为肌肉放松技术的好坏直接影响百米跑的成绩.     

不同振动模式中小腿肌肉的诱发激活特征比较研究

振动训练作为一种新型的力量训练手段被广泛地运用,但是,低频率的垂直振动与多维组合振动对下肢肌群激活特征的研究结果尚不明确。 分析不同振动模式下、不同振动频率的全身振动刺激对小腿肌群的表面肌电影响。对20 名健康的大学生进行测试,结果发现：振动刺激能够增大肌 肉的放电量;但在多维组合振动中,随振动频率增加,肌肉的激活程度呈阶梯状递增,存在明显的强度梯度,并且在对肌肉的协调激活和针对性激活 上优于单维垂直振动。这为今后如何运用振动训练提供参考,为人们正确认识振动训练的作用和使用方法提供理论依据。     

生物信息学与骨骼肌基因表达

讨论了计算机网络技术的发展为获取完整基因组、研究核苷酸多态性以及通过基因的电子杂交为预测新的基因和发现单核苷酸多态提供基础,进而以生物信息学知识为依托,阐述了在长期的生物进化和运动中骨骼肌基因表达及其调控等,本文提出,生命有机体的运动必然影响其基因型并涉及到表型的改变,因此认为体育运动实践中重视生物信息学研究具有理论和实践意义。     

Muscle-fiber array inspired,multiple-mode,pneumatic artificial muscles through planar design and one-step rolling fabrication

Advances in development of artificial muscles have enabled creation of soft robots with biological dexterity and self-adaption in unstructured environments; however, production of scalable artificial muscles with multiple-mode actuations remains elusive. Inspired by muscle-fiber arrays in muscular hydrostats, we present a class of versatile artificial muscles called MAIPAMs (muscle-fiber array inspired pneumatic artificial muscles), capable of multiple-mode actuations (such as parallel elongation-bending-spiraling actuations, 10 parallel bending actuations and cascaded elongation-bending-spiraling actuations). Our MAIPAMs consist of active 3D elastomer-balloon arrays reinforced by a passive elastomer membrane, achieved through a planar design and one-step rolling fabrication approach. We introduce prototypical designs for the MAIPAMs and demonstrate their muscle-mimic structures and versatility, as well as their scalable ability to integrate flexible but non-stretchable layers for contraction and twisting actuation modes and compliant electrodes for self-sensing. We further demonstrate that this class of artificial muscles shows potential for versatile robotic applications, such as carrying a camera for recording videos, gripping or manipulating objects, and climbing a pipe-line.