短跑途中跑中髋关节的作用分析

短跑是田径中最悠久的运动项目,是重要的基础项目。髋关节作为人体躯干与下肢连接的关节,在短跑的过程中起着重要作用。尽管髋关节在短跑中的重要地位已经得到应有的重视,但对髋关节在跑步过程中的认识仍有待不断深化。文章的研究目的就是对髋关节在短跑途中跑一个周期各阶段所起的作用进行分析,以期待对短跑的运动训练有指导和借鉴意义。文章通过对几本田径经典教材和关于短跑的数十篇最新研究成果的研究整理,对短跑途中跑各阶段中髋关节的运动状态,肌肉收缩状态做了详细的梳理,分析了期间髋关节的作用。     

Lower extremity joint coupling variability during gait in young adults with and without chronic ankle instability

Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is a condition resulting from a lateral ankle sprain. Shank-rearfoot joint-coupling variability differences have been found in CAI patients; however, joint-coupling variability (VCV) of the ankle and proximal joints has not been explored. Our purpose was to analyse VCV in adults with and without CAI during gait. Four joint-coupling pairs were analysed: knee sagittal-ankle sagittal, knee sagittal-ankle frontal, hip frontal-ankle sagittal and hip frontal-ankle frontal. Twenty-seven adults participated (CAI:n = 13, Control:n = 14). Lower extremity kinematics were collected during walking (4.83 km/h) and jogging (9.66 km/h). Vector-coding was used to assess the stride-to-stride variability of four coupling pairs. During walking, CAI patients exhibited higher VCV than healthy controls for knee sagittal-ankle frontal in latter parts of stance thru mid-swing. When jogging, CAI patients demonstrated lower VCV with specific differences occurring across various intervals of gait. The increased knee sagittal-ankle frontal VCV in CAI patients during walking may indicate an adaptation to deal with the previously identified decrease in variability in transverse plane shank and frontal plane rearfoot coupling during walking; while the decreased ankle-knee and ankle-hip VCV identified in CAI patients during jogging may represent a more rigid, less adaptable sensorimotor system ambulating at a faster speed.     

The effect of low back pain on trunk muscle size/function and hip strength in elite football (soccer) players

ABSTRACT

Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem in football (soccer) players. The effect of LBP on the trunk and hip muscles in this group is unknown. The relationship between LBP and trunk muscle size and function in football players across the preseason was examined. A secondary aim was to assess hip muscle strength. Twenty-five elite soccer players participated in the study, with assessments conducted on 23 players at both the start and end of the preseason. LBP was assessed with questionnaires and ultrasound imaging was used to assess size and function of trunk muscles at the start and end of preseason. Dynamometry was used to assess hip muscle strength at the start of the preseason. At the start of the preseason, 28% of players reported the presence of LBP and this was associated with reduced size of the multifidus, increased contraction of the transversus abdominis and multifidus muscles. LBP decreased across the preseason, and size of the multifidus muscle improved over the preseason. Ability to contract the abdominal and multifidus muscles did not alter across the preseason. Asymmetry in hip adductor and abductor muscle strength was found between players with and without LBP. Identifying modifiable factors in players with LBP may allow development of more targeted preseason rehabilitation programmes.     

知识经济下成本管理理论及方法的创新--兼论成本管理教学模式的改革

传统的会计教学课堂是这样一种情景：“老师讲、学生听;老师写、学生记;老师考、学生背”,这种呆板的公式化教学模式,教学效率低．知识输出量小,重理论、轻实践,束缚了学生的创造性思维,也难以培养出具有较强职业判断能力、开拓创新能力的实用会计人才。在近几年的会计教学改革实践中,我们依托河南省财会示范专业的便利条件,吸收国内外教学的成功经验,设计出了以“延展教学法”为主线,配合案例教学工具的新的会计课堂教学模式,以适应知识经济条件下,对成本管理教学的需要。     

我国优秀女子竞走运动员髋关节运动技术环节存在问题剖析

依据近几年国际竞走赛事中的统计可以发现，1996年新的竞走规则的实施，对我国竞走运动员的技术造成了巨大冲击，国际竞走界对“小步幅、高步频”竞走技术风格已经从有争议转变为不接受，国际赛场上不断有我国运动员被判罚出场的现象。针对我国运动员比赛中容易出现的技术犯规应重点研究髋关节运动技术，首次应用立体定点定机摄像方法对2003年全国竞走冠军赛女子10km比赛进行拍摄，选取前8名运动员作为研究对象，对我国优秀女子竞走运动员的髋关节运动技术进行研究，剖析运动员髋关节运动技术环节存在的问题，以引起教练员、运动员对髋关节运动技术的重视。     

福建省3城市居民体质指数、体脂百分比和腰臀比特点的分析

采用体质测量、数理统计等方法,分析福建省3城市居民身体质量指数(BMI)、体脂百分比(F%)和腰臀比(WHR)的基本状况及其与超重、肥胖之间的关系。结果表明:BMI与F%之间的相关系数最大;超重是福建省3城市居民的主要健康问题;男、女即使体重正常,腹部肥胖和体脂百分比超标也占一定的比率;体质指数的增加主要与脂肪增加有关,而体内脂肪又主要堆积在腹部。     

纵论安徽古村落世界遗产项目之扩展

宜将具备世遗条件的徽州古村落捆绑式申报世遗“安徽古村落西递宏村”扩展项目。此举能做大做强徽州古村落旅游,以文化旅游推动,确保徽州古村落全面保护、传承徽州文化;同时,能以国际文化旅游使中国文化进一步走向世界,在全球化大环境中充分证明中国文化身份,为世界文化多样性发展作积极贡献。     

上海优秀男子青少年中跑运动员髋、膝关节等速肌力测试分析

通过对男子青少年中跑运动员进行髋、膝关节等速肌力测试,发现男子青少年中跑运动员髋、膝关节肌力特点及薄弱肌群。方法：对16名上海优秀男子青少年中跑运动员进行髋、膝关节单侧等速向心60°／s×6和240°／s×6测试记录测试峰力矩、最大功率、屈伸肌峰力矩比值。结果：髋关节屈肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩在两个速度存在显著差异（P〈0．05）,伸肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩两个速度存在高度显著差异（P〈0．01）,屈伸肌峰力矩比值存在显著差异（P〈0．05）,膝关节屈肌峰力矩及相对峰力矩无差异,而伸肌峰力矩和相对峰力矩在两个速度存在显著差异（P〈0．05）,屈伸肌峰力矩比值无差异。研究对象髋关节屈肌最大功率和相对最大功率在两个速度存在高度显著差异（P〈0．01）,伸肌最大功率和相对最大功率存在显著差异（P〈0．05）,膝关节屈伸肌最大功率和相对最大功率在两个速度存在高度显著差异（P〈0．01）。结论：髋关节随测试速度增加最大力矩呈现下降趋势,高速测试时峰力矩屈／伸值下降,髋关节屈肌力量需加强;膝关节伸肌峰力矩随测试速度增加减小,屈肌及峰力矩屈／伸值变化不明显。     

数据库原理与应用教学初探

本文对通过对UML知识及数据库设计工具应用的教学拓展,对《数据库原理与应用》课程教学进行了有益的研讨。