现代短跑运动技术原理

世界体育竞技水平不断发展的今天,短跑技术更新和短跑技术的发展是提高短跑运动成绩的重要因素。在现代短跑运动技术中的“后扒式”着地技术和“屈蹬式”短跑技术已成为现代短跑技术中的重要技术特征;“髋动力”学说;这三种主要的短跑技术在现代短跑技术中起着举足轻重的作用。     

跳远运动员髋关节振动力量训练效果的研究

对10 名跳远专项二级运动员进行振动力量训练。研究表明：在刺激频率为30~35Hz,加速度25~30 m/s2 条件下,经过8 周系统的振动力量 训练,试验组髋关节的屈伸肌群与对照组屈肌肌群最大功增长都非常明显,表现出髋关节屈肌最大功比试验前有显著性地提高,试验组髋关节 屈伸肌最大功增长幅度比对照组屈伸肌最大功幅度大。试验组髋关节伸肌对照组屈伸肌峰力矩前4 周比后4 周增长幅度大,后4 周增长幅度有 所减缓,试验组后4 周髋关节屈伸肌峰力矩增长幅度比对照组高。髋关节伸肌相对峰力矩力量增长幅度比屈肌要大。     

试论髋部动作在跑步运动中的重要性

分析髋部生理结构,及髋部动作在跑运动技术中的运动形态和重要作用,说明了髋部的正确运动形态有助于提高跑步运动项目技术过程的实效性和经济性。     

现代短跑技术特征与短跑专门练习

从现代短跑技术特征入手，对当今几种常用的短跑技术专门练习的不足作了分析，并选择和设计一些符合现代短跑技术的专门练习的训练方法和手段。     

速滑运动员左右髋关节屈伸肌张力比较研究

采用CYBEX6000等速测力仪,对30名优秀的速滑运动员髋关节屈伸肌群峰值力矩、平均功率、总功输出及屈/伸肌比值(%)进行了比较与分析。结果表明:双髋关节屈伸肌峰值力矩、总功输出均随角速度增加而下降,平均功率则升高;同一速度区髋关节屈伸肌的峰值力矩、平均功率、总功伸肌大于屈肌;不同速度区伴有"优势交换"现象,即低速区左侧屈伸肌大于右侧,高速区则以右侧伸肌增强为主。速滑运动员髋关节屈/伸肌比值(%)随角速度增加而下降。     

男子标枪运动员肩、肘、髋关节屈伸肌力的等速测试研究

采用澳大利亚KEYLINK公司生产的等速肌力测试系统,对20名二级以上水平的男子标枪运动员肩、肘、髋关节肌肉力量进行等速向心测试,结果表明屈伸肌由60°/s到120./s或180°/s时,肩、肘屈伸肌和髋伸肌峰力矩、相对峰力矩减小,髋屈肌峰力矩、屈伸肌相对峰力矩增大;肩、髋屈伸比增大,肘屈伸比减小.     

我国部分优秀女子铅球运动员最后用力阶段髋与躯干动作的某些运动学因素分析

采用近景动态立体摄影法和三维运动学分析法,对参加2000年6月全国田径锦标赛暨奥运会选拔赛的3名运动员最后用力阶段髋与躯干动作进行三维运动学分析,得出以下主要结论:最后用力阶段髋轴在水平面内逆时针加速转动是提高重心速度的一项重要因素;最后用力阶段,髋轴与躯干在水平面和矢状面内转动角速度最大值分别密切相关;最后用力阶段,我国优秀女子铅球运动员均采用了蹬转用力的右腿工作方式,本研究表明,这是一种合理的右腿工作方式。     

Altered visual focus on sensorimotor control in people with chronic ankle instability

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of the combination of chronic ankle instability (CAI) and altered visual focus on strategies for dynamic stability during a drop-jump task. Nineteen participants with self-reported CAI and 19 healthy participants performed a drop-jump task in looking-up and looking-down conditions. For the looking-up condition, participants looked up and read a random number that flashed on a computer monitor. For the looking-down condition, participants focused their vision on the force plate. Sagittal- and frontal-plane kinematics in the hip, knee and ankle were calculated at the time points of 100 ms pre-initial foot contact to ground and at IC. The resultant vector time to stabilisation was calculated with ground reaction force data. The CAI group demonstrated less hip flexion at the point of 100 ms pre-initial contact (P < 0.01), and less hip flexion (P = 0.03) and knee flexion at initial contact (P = 0.047) compared to controls. No differences in kinematics or dynamic stability were observed in either looking-up or looking-down conditions (P > 0.05). Altered visual focus did not influence movement patterns during the drop-jump task, but the presence of CAI did. The current data suggests that centrally mediated changes associated with CAI may lead to global alterations in the sensorimotor control.     

Effect of proximal femoral osteoporosis on cementless hip arthroplasty： A short-term clinical analysis

Objective： The aim of this retrospective investigation was to explore the influence of femoral osteoporosis on short-term curative effects ofcementless hip arthroplasty and to evaluate the femoral metaphyseal bone mineral density （BMD） for femoral osteoporosis in order to guide prosthesis choice and rehabilitation. Methods： We performed 127 total arthroplasty operations between June 1999 to February 2003 and investigated 49 cementless hip replacements with the Metalcancellous cementless Lubeck Ⅱ system being used in all hips. There were twenty men and twenty-nine women whose mean age at the time of the operation was 60 years （range, 52-81 years）. The patients were divided into osteoporosis or normal groups according to the femoral metaphyseal BMD measured preoperatively. The average duration of follow-up was 30 months （range, 8-52 months）. We evaluated all of the patients from a clinical standpoint with use of a standard-terminology questionnaire with respect to the short-term curative effects and patients＇ satisfaction. Hip pain status and functional ability were important indicators of treatment efficacy. Results： Harris hip score and patients＇ satisfaction in femoral osteoporosis patients who underwent noncemented hip arthroplasty were lower （P=0.004, P=0.03） while the incidence of thigh pain was higher （P=0.03） than the patients with non-osteoporosis. Conclusion： The higher incidence of pain, as well as the decrease in function experienced by the patients in osteoporosis group, supports the case that cementless arthroplasty is not a better choice for those patients and that we had better select prosthesis based on the femoral metaphyseal BMD.     

双向电泳分离在髋关节运动损伤中的治疗分析

目的:研究富血小板双向电泳分离在髋关节运动损伤中的治疗分析,提高诊疗效果。方法:考察患者的富血小板的颗粒的粒径(130 nm和290 nm),分析富血小板的HA分子量(1.1×104 g/mol和3.0×105 g/mol)以及PNIPAm聚合量对患者的髋关节Haversian腺增生和滑膜炎及腱端炎的治疗效果。对富血小板的PNIPAm分子内及分子间疏水相互作用加强,形成疏水层,合成有机-无机杂化颗粒,设计合成结构可控、性能可调的微凝胶。结果:其中31例骨骼肌升高(110~1131μmol/L);10例骨骼支撑力升高。对患者进行心肌酶谱测试:其中5例CK(92~125 umol/L)、CK-MB(61~312 umol/L),骨骼淀粉酶:2例升高(125~3165 umol/L),骨骼反应时间:1例PT15 s。壳聚糖微球粒径分别为:2.1、7.2、12.5μm,这些因素都促进了骨骼的生长和修复,这些因素对释放(1-β-4)D-葡糖醛酸和(1-β-3)-N-乙酰基-D-氨基葡糖双糖单元有利。该治疗方案治疗效果较好,患者得到康复。结论:采用双向电泳分析,生成患者的富血小板血浆制备其他亲水性微球,提高患者体内的富血小板再生能力,对治疗患者的髋关节运动损伤效果显著。