现代竞技体育体能训练对改善女大学生脊柱功能的研究

脊柱功能是衡量人体健康水平的重要指标,对人体保持高质量的学习、生活和工作状态产生直接的影响。如何运用有效的训练改善和提高人体脊柱功能,应引起高度的重视。以黑龙江省30名女大学生为研究对象,制定有针对性的训练方案,进行为期3个月的运动干预实验,分5个阶段进行训练监控及训练效果评估。结果显示：全体受试对象脊柱直背趋势最为显著,脊柱姿势、柔韧性、稳定性整体较差,脊柱疾病风险较高;通过动态拉伸、颈肩及腰等功能性训练对改善女大学生脊柱功能效果显著;实施训练方案后,在第30天改善效果最为明显。     

立定跳远教学中TGMD-2的应用研究

目的:对立定跳远教学进行干预,采用儿童大肌肉群动作发展测试量表(以下简称TGMD-2量表)进行过程性测量,观察干预教学对儿童立定跳远动作发展的影响,寻求发展儿童下肢大肌肉群的有效途径。方法:1)干预前后使用TGMD-2量表对学生立定跳远动作进行评分,并测量远度,进行比较;2)对实验组立定跳远教学进行干预,对照组不做干预。结果:实验组立定跳远评分与远度测量显著提高;对照组评分显著下降,远度测量上升。结论:1)运动干预可以促进儿童立定跳远动作发展;2)儿童动作发展成熟之前可采用TGMD-2量表进行过程性评价。     

谈中学物理科学探究性练习的设计

探究式教学是新课程标准的核心，科学探究性练习是实施探究式教学的一个方面．     

Effects of glucose–fructose versus glucose ingestion on stride characteristics during prolonged treadmill running

Scarce research has examined the effects of carbohydrate composition on running stride characteristics. On two occasions, 14 males and 6 females completed a 120-min sub-maximal run followed by a 4-mile time trial. Participants consumed glucose (GLU) or glucose–fructose (GLU–FRU) beverages supplying 1.3 g/min carbohydrate. Substrate use, psychological affect [Feeling Scale (FS)], and stride characteristics (stride frequency, stride length, and contact time) were assessed. Effects were expressed as Cohen’s d (90% confidence limits [90% CL]). CLs for stride frequency differences at 53 min (90% CL = 0.04–0.21) and 113 min (90% CL = 0.02–0.24) did not cover 0, indicating a positive effect of GLU–FRU. However, effect sizes were small (d = 0.13) and likely-to-very-likely trivial. Energy expenditure differences at sub-maximal end were very likely trivial (d = 0.08; 90% CL = 0.00–0.17), while FS ratings were possibly higher for GLU–FRU at 50 (d = 0.19; 90% CL = ?0.10–0.48) and 110 min (d = 0.16; 90% CL = ?0.13–0.45). During the time trial, stride length was possibly higher with GLU–FRU (d = 0.13; 90% CL = ?0.08–0.33). Glucose–fructose co-ingestion has no significant effect on stride characteristics during constant-velocity running but may result in slightly higher stride length during self-paced running.     

Effects of load mass carried in a backpack upon respiratory muscle fatigue

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether loads carried in a backpack, with a load mass ranging from 0 to 20?kg, causes respiratory muscle fatigue. Methods: Eight males performed four randomised load carriage (LC) trials comprising 60?min walking at 6.5?km?h^?1 wearing a backpack of either 0 (LC₀), 10 (LC₁₀), 15 (LC₁₅) or 20?kg (LC₂₀). Inspiratory (P_Imax) and expiratory (P_Emax) mouth pressures were assessed prior to and immediately following each trial. Pulmonary gas exchange, heart rate (HR), blood lactate and glucose concentration and perceptual responses were recorded during the first and final 60?s of each trial. Results: Group mean P_Imax and P_Emax were unchanged following 60-min load carriage in all conditions (p?>?.05). There was an increase over time in pulmonary gas exchange, HR and perceptions of effort relative to baseline measures during each trial (p?p?>?.05). Conclusions: These findings indicate that sub-maximal walking with no load or carrying 10, 15 or 20?kg in a backpack for up to 60?min does not cause respiratory muscle fatigue despite causing an increase in physiological, metabolic and perceptual parameters.     

幼儿体育活动应注意的几个问题

幼儿体育活动不但是学前教育研究的一个课题,同时也是体育教育研究的一个方向.在阐明幼儿生理特点的基础上,对幼儿体育活动兴趣的培养,幼儿体育活动量化,幼儿体育活动中的卫生与安全分别进行了探讨,为完善我国幼儿健康教育提供参考.     

高师院校学生课外体育锻炼现状的调查分析

运用文献资料研究法、问卷调查法、数理统计法,对韩山师范学院普通专业学生参加课外体育锻炼的现状进行调查分析,旨在了解学生参与课外体育锻炼的现状与存在问题,并提出改革的措施。     

肇庆学院教工羽毛球爱好者运动损伤情况调查

对肇庆学院38名教工羽毛球爱好者进行了运动损伤情况的调查，共查出损伤66人（次），不同类型的损伤17种，损伤次数总计132次．多数伤者未采取有效的方法治疗，而仅依靠自然恢复，对此，应加强对运动者的指导，健全运动康复的手段，以达到科学健身的目的。     

浅谈学校体育与终身体育

实现全民健身计划,是实现我国社会主义现代化目标和发展战略规划的重要内容,学校体育将是实施全民健身的重要阵地。改革我国学校体育的指导思想,必须以终身体育为指导思想,传授体育健身的理论知识、方法和手段,使学生建立终身锻炼的意识习惯,使之终身从事体育锻炼。     

对高等数学作业系统的多元统计分析

按AHP法将高等数学作业系统分成3个层次,第二层包括:作业来源,作业形式、作业批改和作业反馈.第3层包括16个方案指标。从作业来源方面分析,大学生认为例题变通和书后习题是比较好的作业来源;就作业的布置形式而言,前置作业所占权重最大.从作业的完成形式来看,全部完成所占权重比分层完成所占权重大.在作业批改方式方面,教师全部批改权重远远高于教师部分批改、学生自我批改和学生互相批改方式.把16个方案指标进行聚类分析,形成一个由小到大的分类系统。聚类的结果可将最下层的16个方案归为3类:(1)书后例题、例题变通、教师全部批改;(2)历年考题、前置、全部完成、教师部分批改、学生自主订正;(3)随堂、课后、分层完成、学生自我批改、学生互相批改、抽查订正情况、重点课堂订正、师生当面交流。对照上述分类轨迹,可以归类得到大学生处理对待高等数学作业的3种不同态度类型:(1)依赖型;(2)刻苦钻研型;(3)交往型.