Linkages between cognitive and social dialogue patterns during collaborative small-group discussions

BackgroundCollaborative small-group discussions have the potential to promote reading comprehension, critical thinking, and argumentation. However, few studies have gone beyond cognitive processes to understand the social characteristics of dialogue and their potential contributions to students’ cognitive processing in turn-by-turn dialogic exchanges.AimsThis study closely examined dialogues between speakers and addressees regarding their levels of cognitive processing (i.e., cognitive dialogue patterns) and social processes reflecting social cohesion (i.e., social dialogue patterns). The aims were to understand, first, the relations between students' cognitive dialogue patterns and their social dialogue patterns, and second, the relations between students' cognitive dialogue patterns and peers’ social dialogue patterns.SampleThis study included 4070 speaking turns generated by 120 fifth-graders in 60 small-group discussions.MethodsStudents participated in small-group discussions, called Collaborative Social Reasoning. Dialogue between pairs of group members formed social networks, based on which Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) were specified.ResultsFindings showed that speakers' social dialogue patterns were associated with their cognitive dialogue patterns. However, receiving social dialogue patterns from peers did not always predict students’ advanced types of cognitive dialogue patterns.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that cognitive and social aspects of small-group discussions are intricately linked, and that encouraging social cohesion does not guarantee that students will engage in collaborative and critical discussions.     

Mathematica软件在高等数学教学中的运用

Mathematica软件具有强大的数值计算、符号计算、绘图、程序设计等功能，高等数学教学中引入Mathematica软件作为教学的辅助工具，可解决学生数学运算问题，函数的图形绘制问题等，提高学生的数学分析能力和解决综合应用问题的能力．     

‘Feeling bad’ or ‘being bad?’ The trapping effect of effort in academic failure in a Confucian cultural context

A predicament faced by students who fail academically in East Asian Confucian societies, such as Taiwan, is being obscured by students’ outstanding performances in international academic assessments. This article proposes that there is a trapping effect of effort for these students. They are trapped in a dilemma between ‘feeling bad’ (emotional distress) for exerting too much effort and ‘being bad’ (negative image) for making little effort. Such a dilemma may be worse in the domain of academic achievement than in non-academic domains like the arts, with the former being more directly related to children’s dutiful fulfilment of parental expectations. Two consecutive studies – a scenario experiment with 700 subjects and a survey on past experiences of failure with a sample of 190 – were conducted. The results supported our hypothesis that effort becomes a double-edged sword for students who failed. They are more likely to either ‘feel bad’ or ‘be bad’ after failing academically compared to performing poorly on non-academic activities. Implications of the findings are further discussed.     

词汇习得研究及对英语词汇教学的借鉴

文章通过附带习得的研究成果,提出了促进附带词汇习得的因素,提出了这些成果对英语词汇教学的启示。     

论诗歌形象的创造

诗歌通过形象反映现实。诗歌的形象有其独具的特征,跳跃性、主观性使诗歌更具启示性、感情性和感染力。在诗歌的创作欣赏中,注重形象的选择,提炼和塑造,恰到好处地“分布”形象,恰如其分地理解、再创造形象,使诗歌向人们昭示出丰富的美学价值和独特深厚的意境,正是本文所力图探讨的主旨。     

试论报告文学特质的美学内涵

报告文学的活动是一种审美活动。报告文学文本的现实美来源于现实生活,表现在直接的无功利与间接隐伏着的功利性上;形象美在文本结构的巧妙安排、合理的想象和文学语言的运用等艺术感性形式中得以实现;新颖美要求文本在内容和形式上不断地创新;感染美既来自文本内容的真实,又来自文本具体生动的艺术形式,是文本真实的内容和完美、和谐的形式在审美高度上的统一。     

物体表面不同角度采集的三维图像配准的一种新算法

提出了一种能有效实现物体表面三维图像数据配准的算法.该算法利用了三维数据采集时的三维点的阵列信息,这些三维点的阵列信息在采集原始三维数据时可以很容易获得,同时,还利用了三维数据矢量/顶点相似特征作为数据匹配的基础.采用迭代最小均方误差算法来自适应优化变换矩阵参数.这些方法可以有效地提高三维图像配准的性能,加快匹配过程的运算速度.实验结果表明该算法可以获得较好的配准后三维图像的主观效果.尽管该方法主要针对人头模型,但经过少许修改后即可适用于其他物体.     

区域红色旅游品牌整合问题探析

红色旅游是近两年在我国兴起的一种新的旅游形式。在今天品牌竞争日益激烈和品牌整合不断加剧的大背景下,红色旅游要在旅游市场中争得一席之地,实现健康、持续、快速的发展,品牌化与品牌整合是其发展的必经之路和必然趋势。品牌化与品牌整合有利于红色旅游全面参与旅游市场竞争和提升市场竞争力。文章从区域的角度对我国红色旅游品牌整合的动因、障碍、目标与运作模式等进行了探析。     

文艺阐释中的不确定性原则及其在现实语境中的意义

文艺以审美幻象整体地反映与把握社会生活,艺术形象的整体性使得艺术意义与功用充满了不确定性;对文艺意义与功用的阐释,不是以求索作家与文本原旨为目的,而是以读者为中心,由于读者的差异性,导致在文艺功用与意义的阐释中也充满了不确定性。不确定性原则在文艺意义与功用的阐释中应得以遵循,并用以反对文艺阐释中的贵族化倾向与极权化思想。     

一种快速、有效的量化与基于小波的图像压缩

量化是利用小波变换的图像压缩编码技术的关键环节之一。矢量量化和标量量化各有长短,二者有机地结合起来,称为混合量化(HQ—Hybrid Quantization)。它既有矢量量化的高效率,又具有标量量化的简单性,不需要进行码书训练,不要做乘除法。