Development of learning to learn skills in primary school

In Finland, schools’ effectiveness in fostering the development of transversal skills is evaluated through large-scale learning to learn (LTL) assessments. This article presents how LTL skills—general cognitive competences and learning-related motivational beliefs—develop during primary school and how they predict pupils’ CPS skills at the end of sixth grade. The six-year follow-up of 608 pupils shows that cognitive competences demonstrated in the beginning of the first grade in a learning preparedness test predict both later cognitive LTL competences and CPS, but their development is not fully determined by earlier individual differences in learning preparedness in the first grade. Motivational beliefs begin to be related to cognitive LTL performance gradually from age 10 on, and they may have a slightly stronger effect on CPS than on cognitive LTL performance. It is concluded that the development of CPS is partly depending on pupils’ initial learning preparedness and the development of their LTL skills.     

国外海岸带韧性研究进展及其对中国的启示

海岸带韧性可为沿海地区应对全球气候变化与人类活动压力的复合风险提供新的理论源泉和分析视角,对保障沿海地区可持续发展安全具有重要意义.本文在解析海岸带韧性概念内涵的基础上,剖析了以社会生态系统、复杂适应系统等理论为支撑的海岸带韧性理论框架,比较了现有4类评价方法,进而厘清了要素型、过程型和复合型3类评价指标体系的特点,阐...     

Why do students strive to outperform classmates? Unpacking their reasons for pursuing performance goals

Achievement goal theory has evolved since introduced about 40 years ago. One of its newer variants is the goal complex model. It assumes that each achievement goal (i.e., performance or mastery) can be pursued for many reasons and, more provocatively, that the goal’s effects depend partly on why it is pursued. Clearly, the first task for this area is to identify likely goal pursuit reasons, develop and validate a measure of reasons, and chart the influence of those reasons. Progress remains limited, however. Nearly all studies have considered only a small set of reasons suggested predominantly by self-determination theory, overlooking several other plausible reasons. Nor is there an established measure of goal pursuit reasons. To overcome those limitations, the current study validated and tested a new goal complex measure that includes several additional goal pursuit reasons, both personal (e.g., pride) and social (e.g., to make close others proud, or to help or serve others) in nature. Two culturally distinct samples of university students – one from the USA (n = 400), the other from Thailand (n = 404) – completed the measure with performance goals in mind and then reported a diverse array of educational outcomes. Their results converge for the most part. In each sample, the new measure proved to have good structural validity and psychometric properties. Several goal complexes, including the new social ones, showed unique and often desirable relationships with outcomes, too. The findings raise several research directions and implications for achievement goal theory.     

基于检错码静默补偿的跨层链路复激活算法

有效的链路层的复激活算法可以提高语义系统的检错性能。传统方法采用自适应模式匹配方法实现语义系统的跨层链路复激活,当检错码冗余数据块随机放置时,不能有效实现语义检错。提出一种基于检错码静默补偿的跨层链路复激活算法,构建语义系统网络控制模型,设计检错码编码数据块放置方法,提出检错码静默补偿机制并实现跨层链路复激活算法改进。实验结果表明,采用该算法能有效实现语义系统检错码跨层链路激活,谱峰复激活搜索明显,任务执行精度提高17%,算法在语义网通信编码设计等领域具有较好的应用价值。     

西门庆复杂性心理发微

《金瓶梅》中的西门庆的心理呈现出复杂、矛盾的特征。特别是在男女两性关系中,他表现出变态的性行为与性心理：以性为治家、惩罚和报复的手段,以对女性的施虐和女性的哀告。满足畸形的占有心理证明自己的价值和优越感。     

温庭筠词的“禽鸟”情结探究

温庭筠词中禽鸟意象的频繁运用,充分体现了其诗歌创作的特色,不仅将许多色彩、景致、物件放在一起,使它们组织配合,形成一个美丽、和谐和画面,同时赋予一般化的事物以典型化的情结或感情,使所创作的词增添了丰富的情感内涵,不仅"句秀",更可谓"情切"也。     

复杂产品系统中KM活动及影响因素与研发绩效关系研究

从知识管理角度对CoPS进行了研究,提出了CoPS环境下KM影响因素、KM活动、研发绩效的关系模型。通过问卷调查,本研究收集了217个有效的样本数据,经过分析,得出以下主要研究结果:(1)复杂的知识特性是CoPS复杂性的根本;(2)CoPS环境下关键KM活动是知识创造和知识整合;(3)CoPS环境下KM活动对"KM影响因素-研发绩效"有着中介作用;(4)验证了CoPS环境下KM影响因素、KM活动、研发绩效的关系模型。     

科研人员省际流动网络分析及演化过程研究

   本文基于“科学家在线”平台数据,运用复杂网络分析方法,按照年份分别构建2010—2017年间全国34个省份之间科研人员流动网络模型,测度并分析8年间科研人员流动的复杂性网络整体特征和随时间变化的趋势。研究发现：（1）8年间科研人员流动呈现整体较为明显的“无标度”特性,即北京、上海、江苏等经济科技发达地区不仅流入科研人员的规模较大,流出科研人员的规模也不小,但是全国大部分省份流动科研人员规模较为有限;（2）除了小部分省份之外其余省份的人员流入流出相对较为均衡,一些经济科技发达省份在一定程度上也是全国或本区域科研人员流动的中心节点;（3）从发展态势来看,8年间全国省级科技人员流动态势相对平稳,但是省份之间科研人员流动规模差距越来越明显,经济科技发达省份与其他省份科研人员流动的规模相比差距越来越大;（4）最为突出的变化是流动人员规模显著增加,人员流动更加便利。     

狗血浆中哌唑嗪的含量测定方法及其在药代动力学中的应用

建立并评价了一种简单灵敏的方法测定狗血浆中PZS的含量.该方法利用HPLC-FLD结合乙醚萃取的前处理方法,采用C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为30％乙腈和70％乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲液(pH=3.6),荧光检测器的激发波长为258 nm,发射波长为387 nm,在流动相流速为1.0 mL/mi...     

足球踢球动作技能学习中背景干扰效应的实验研究

目的：探讨初学者在足球踢球动作技能学习过程中是否存在背景干扰效应,并分析原因。方法：以足球脚背内侧踢定位球动作技能作为学习任务,选取某大学足球专修班的33名学生为研究对象,分成对照组和两个实验组,进行10周的体育教学现场实验,对一周后保持测试的达标和技评成绩进行单因素方差分析。结果：三组保持测试的达标和技评成绩均值,在0.05水平上差异不具有显著性。结论：实验结果未能出现背景干扰效应,未能验证本研究提出的研究假设和背景干扰效应假说的最主要原因是,足球脚背内侧踢定位球的复杂性任务特征。