Lower limb muscle strength and physical activity in healthy individuals approaching retirement

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine knee extensor/flexor muscle strength and physical activity in healthy males and females approaching retirement. Peak torques of the knee extensor and knee flexor muscle groups were measured bilaterally in 95 individuals (mean age 59.4 years) using an isokinetic dynamometer. Isokinetic concentric contractions were performed at angular velocities of 1.05 and 3.14 rad · s^?1. Physical activity, including household, leisure, and sporting activities, was assessed. The results show that the average peak torques exhibited were lower than previously reported in studies using the same methodology with different populations of similar age and body size. Over one-third of the participants were sedentary, with just 13% being active enough to obtain health benefits. The poor muscle strength and low physical activity of this self selecting group of healthy working adults were surprising, and potentially a cause for concern. The combination of retirement being a potential watershed for a decrease in physical activity and the known age-related decline in physical performance indicates that some of these participants are at risk of losing their functional independence fairly early in the retirement stage. We recommend the introduction of effective health promotion interventions for individuals approaching retirement, encouraging them to become more physically active.     

Markers of isometric training intensity and reductions in resting blood pressure

Abstract

In this study, we examined the correlations between selected markers of isometric training intensity and subsequent reductions in resting blood pressure. Thirteen participants performed a discontinuous incremental isometric exercise test to volitional exhaustion at which point mean torque for the final 2-min stage (2min-torque_peak) and peak heart rate peak (HR_peak) were identified. Also, during 4 weeks of training (3 sessions per week, comprising 4 × 2 min bilateral leg isometric exercise at 95% HR_peak), heart rate (HR_train), torque (Torque_train), and changes in EMG amplitude (ΔEMG_amp) and frequency (ΔEMG_freq) were determined. The markers of training intensity were: Torque_train relative to the 2min-torque_peak (%2min-torque_peak), EMG relative to EMG_peak (%EMG_peak), HR_train ΔEMG_amp, ΔEMG_freq, and %MVC. Mean systolic (?4.9 mmHg) and arterial blood pressure (?2.7mmHg) reductions correlated with %2min-torque_peak (r = ?0.65, P = 0.02 and r = ?0.59, P = 0.03), ΔEMG_amp (r = 0.66, P = 0.01 and r = 0.59, P = 0.03), ΔEMG_freq (r = ?0.67, P = 0.01 and r = ?0.64, P = 0.02), and %EMG_peak (systolic blood pressure only; r = ?0.63, P = 0.02). These markers best reflect the association between isometric training intensity and reduction in resting blood pressure observed after bilateral leg isometric exercise training.     

人体肩关节屈伸肌群等动向心,等动离心,等长收缩肌力的研究

研究运用先进的Ｃｙｂｅｘ－６０００测力系统对６０名正常健康中国青年（女子３０名,男子３０名）的右肩关节屈伸肌进行等动向心、等动离心及等长测试,研究肩关节屈伸肌群在不同收缩方式下的工作特征,获得一套相对比较完整的肩屈伸肌力基础数据,从而对肩关节屈伸肌群生物力学规律进行综合评价,此研究的意义还在于,它可以为将来所进行的相关研究提供比全面的参考;为运动技术的生物力学研究,肩关节屈伸力训练的方法与手段提供     

关于膝损伤患者伸、屈肌群力矩值及修正值的研究

利用Kin-Com等速测力仪对108名膝关节损伤的男性患者健、患膝关节伸、屈肌群向心性收缩的平均力矩、峰力矩及单位体重下的修正值进行比较研究。实验表明,受伤膝关节的伸肌群与正常膝关节相比在平均力矩和峰力矩方面均有明显下降;而屈肌群的下降并不明显。伸肌群产生最大量的角度大约在60度左右,屈肌群产生最大力量的角度大约为20度左右。患者正常侧膝关节H／Q平均值在80％左右,伤侧H／Q平均值高达90％以上。实验所得平均力矩修正值和峰力矩修正值相对于一般人群膝关节损伤患者具有重要的参考价值。受伤膝关节伸肌群的平均力矩和峰力矩,与对侧正常膝关节相比,低于10％以上,可以作为膝关节损伤诊断和康复评定的有意义指标之一。     

优秀散打运动员下肢关节等速肌力特征研究

运用IsoMed2000型肌力测试系统，选择60°/s和240°/s，对23名优秀男子散打运动员（健将级9名为A组，国家一级14名为B组）支撑腿和进攻腿髋、膝、踝屈伸肌群各项等速肌力指标进行测量。探讨优秀散打运动员支撑腿和进攻腿髋、膝、踝关节等速肌力特征，分析两腿的肌力差异，判断肌力平衡、关节稳定，运动员等级水平对肌力的影响。结果：国家健将级散打运动员双侧下肢髋、膝、踝关节等速肌力及稳定性显著优于国家一级运动员，支撑腿主要体现力的有效传递及稳定性，进攻腿主要体现屈伸肌力大小。     

中学生动态等速肌力自然发育的年龄规律与性别特点

探索肌肉力量自然发育过程中的年龄相关性和性别特点。运用Kineteeh等速肌力测试系统，对240名13～18岁普通中学生进行动态等速肌力测试评定。结果表明13～18岁男生，上、下肢屈伸肌的最大肌力和输出功率持续增长；从14岁开始，出现快速增长，各年龄段男生的肌力均大于女生，14岁为男生动态等速肌力快速生长的敏感期。同期女生的最大肌力和输出功率也持续增长，但增长的速度明显小于男生，16岁后增长缓慢，16岁开始男女生之间的差距拉大。     

基于力矩平衡的板块驱动力研究

基于刚体稳定运动的力矩平衡原理研究现今岩石圈板块运动的驱动力。提出通过计算力矩与板块角动量间夹角来识别板块驱动力的方法,并定量分析在板块底部黏性剪切阻力的约束下刚性板块运动的稳定性。采用最新的岩石圈结构模型和板块绝对运动模型计算各板块的转动惯量和角动量,进而基于简单的物理模型计算得到各板块受到的边界力矩及板底剪切力矩。结果表明:与洋脊力矩和板底力矩平衡的剩余力矩可由俯冲板片、碰撞带、裂谷带产生的力矩解释;洋脊与俯冲板片力是板块运动的主要驱动力;板块碰撞是欧亚板块运动的重要驱动力。     

转子绕组故障感应电机转矩和转速的计算

基于多回路方法,对异步电机定子电流、转矩、转速进行了分析,对转子绕组故障引起的电机转矩、转速的波动进行了深入研究,提出了波动计算模型.仿真与计算结果表明:转子绕组故障引起电机转矩、转速波动;波动分量的大小、频率可定量计算;转矩与转速波动的频率相等,波动的幅值随转子绕组故障严重程度增加而增加;负载转动惯量对电机转矩、转速有较大的影响,负载转动惯量增加,转矩波动分量的幅值增加而转速波动分量的幅值减小.     

Effect of the racket mass and the rate of strokes on kinematics and kinetics in the table tennis topspin backhand

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the racket mass and the rate of strokes on the kinematics and kinetics of the trunk and the racket arm in the table tennis topspin backhand. Eight male Division I collegiate table tennis players hit topspin backhands against topspin balls projected at 75 balls · min^?1 and 35 balls · min^?1 using three rackets varying in mass of 153.5, 176 and 201.5 g. A motion capture system was used to obtain trunk and racket arm motion data. The joint torques of the racket arm were determined using inverse dynamics. The racket mass did not significantly affect all the trunk and racket arm kinematics and kinetics examined except for the wrist dorsiflexion torque, which was significantly larger for the large mass racket than for the small mass racket. The racket speed at impact was significantly lower for the high ball frequency than for the low ball frequency. This was probably because pelvis and upper trunk axial rotations tended to be more restricted for the high ball frequency. The result highlights one of the advantages of playing close to the table and making the rally speed fast.     

无轴承电机悬浮控制系统的设计

无轴承电机是利用磁悬浮轴承和交流电机结构的相似性,将产生磁悬浮力的磁悬浮轴承绕组置入电机定子,省去了专门的磁悬浮轴承．通过对转矩绕组和悬浮力绕组的解耦控制,使电机的转子同时具有产生转矩和自悬浮的功能．无轴承电机能够实现高速、无摩擦等优良性能,是当前研究的热点之一,无轴承电机悬浮控制系统设计是该研究的关键．本文介绍了无轴承电机悬浮控制的基本原理,设计了基于转矩绕组转子磁场定向的悬浮控制系统．