高校羽毛球运动员膝关节损伤的调查分析

通过文献资料法,问卷调查法,数理统计法等对江苏省18届运动会高校组羽毛球运动员膝关节损伤现状及原因进行深入调查分析,为同类研究提供理论依据。     

大学生步态特点与踝关节等动肌力的相关性研究

运用Cybex-NORM等速肌力测试系统,RSscan足底压力板测试系统对27名在校大学生（男15名,女12名）进行步向角测试,30°/s,120°/s两种角速度踝关节内收、外展的等动肌力测试,旨在探讨大学生步态特点及内、外八字形成的肌力学机制.研究结果：（1）大学生青年步向角的正常范围为1～15°;（2）男性步向角均值约为11.4°,女性步向角均值约为4.7°,男女性别差异具显著性;（3）角速度为30°/s和120°/s的内收、外展峰力矩,内收、外展平均力矩以及外展内收力矩比值均显示男性大于女性,且有显著性差异;（4）踝关节外展、内收肌力并非随着步向角的增大而增大或减小,内、外八字步态踝关节外展、内收肌力均小于正常步态;（5）30°/s和120°/s两种速度下,3种步态的踝关节外展内收肌力比都几近相等,没有显著性差异.结论：（1）23岁左右青年大学生步向角的正常范围为1～15°,小于1°为内八字步态,大于15°为外八字步态;（2）步向角、踝关节外展、内收肌力矩,外展内收肌力比均存在性别差异;（3）内、外八字不良步态形成的肌力学原因是踝关节外展、内收肌力同时薄弱,而不是外展内收肌力发展失衡,深层原因需要进一步深入探讨和研究.     

应用功能动作训练对李玄旭400米混合泳技术优化的研究

在明确李玄旭400米混合泳技术结构的基础上,采用技术分析和功能动作训练的方法,优化其混合泳技术,提高运动成绩。认为利用系统论的观点明确李玄旭400米混合泳技术结构,并提出解决、稳定、巩固的优化路径,对奥运备战有着积极的意义;在研究过程中,运用运动技术诊断和功能动作筛查是基础、功能动作训练是关键的思路,收到了较好的效果;明确身体各环节功能,训练较好的身体流线型姿态,提炼关键技术的基本动作是从体能方面优化游泳运动技术的良好手段;奥运会分段成绩提示李玄旭400混蝶泳、蛙泳成绩均有所提高,且蛙泳提高幅度可观。上述实践可为游泳项目运动技术优化提供借鉴。     

健美操训练对女大学生踝关节力觉影响的实验研究

健美操是在音乐的伴奏下,以身体练习为基本手段、以有氧运动为基础,达到增进健康、塑造形体和娱乐目的的一项体育运动。健美操最重要的技术是弹动技术,主要是依靠踝、膝、髋关节的屈伸缓冲而产生,减少运动对关节的冲力,从而减少对人体造成的损伤。踝关节本体感觉能力的增加,可提高踝关节周围神经肌肉控制能力,使踝关节在弹动、跳跃落地时保持身体的协调稳定,控制整个身体姿态,达到美化动作,提高运动技术水平的能力。本研究以健美操训练对女大学生踝关节力觉影响的实验研究为研究对象,旨在探讨健美操运动对踝关节的力觉各指标的影响,为减少踝关节运动损伤的发生和健美操的教学训练、比赛提供一定的理论依据。     

Effect of chainring ovality on joint power during cycling at different workloads and cadences

Non-circular chainrings theoretically enhance cycling performance by increasing effective chainring diameter and varying crank velocity, but research has failed to consistently reproduce the benefits in cycling trials. The aim of this study was (1) to investigate the effect of different chainring shapes on sagittal knee joint moment and sagittal lower limb joint powers and (2) to investigate whether alterations are affected by cadence and workload. Fourteen elite cyclists cycled in six conditions (70, 90 and 110 rpm, each at 180 and 300 W), for 2 min each, using three chainrings of different ovalities (1.0–1.215). Kinematic data and pedal forces were collected. For most conditions, only the chainring with the highest ovality (1.215) was characterised by smaller sagittal knee joint moments, smaller relative sagittal knee joint power contribution and larger relative sagittal hip joint power contribution, which suggests a change from maximising efficiency to maximising power production. Effect sizes increased with higher cadences, but not with higher workload. This study has application for athletes, clinicians and sports equipment industry as a non-circular chainring can change joint-specific power generation and decrease knee joint moment, but certain ovality seems to be necessary to provoke this effect.     

Comparison of support leg kinetics between side-step and cross-step cutting techniques

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in the support leg joint moment and moment power between side-step (SS) and cross-step (CS) cutting techniques with a prescribed 90° cutting angle. Ground reaction forces (1,000 Hz) and three-dimensional kinematics (250 Hz) of SS and CS cutting techniques were collected from 20 male college athletes. Normalised peak knee extension moment was larger in the SS technique than in the CS technique (0.40 ± 0.10 in SS; 0.26 ± 0.08 in CS). In the SS technique, the knee extensors ( ? 0.10 ± 0.06 in SS; ? 0.02 ± 0.04 in CS) and ankle plantarflexors ( ? 0.12 ± 0.05 in SS; ? 0.07 ± 0.03 in CS) did significantly more negative work (normalised). The direction change angle (40.5 ± 8.7° in SS; 33.0 ± 6.8° in CS) and the decrease in horizontal velocity of the centre of mass ( ? 0.63 ± 0.23 m/s in SS; ? 0.31 ± 0.23 m/s in CS) were significantly larger in the SS technique. These results suggest that the SS technique is an effective means of changing running direction at the expense of velocity of the centre of mass and that the CS technique is better for minimising the reduction in horizontal velocity of the centre of mass.     

美好乡村环境治理中的政府行为--以安徽乡村为例

在推进美好乡村建设的进程中,环境治理是其间的一项急迫任务。任务的完成既离不开社会力量的广泛参与,更需要各级政府切实履行职能。一方面需要政府提供保护环境的公共物品,另一方面政府尚需“有所作为、善于作为”。政府尤其是县乡基层政府有所作为,尚需明确并适度强化基层政府的环境治理职能;坚持规划引领、示范带动,稳步推进乡村环境改善;完善基层政府的乡村环境考核激励机制;加大环保宣传力度,着力提升民众的生态环保意识;通过政策扶持、简政放权等多项举措培育民间环保非政府组织。     

跳跃运动员起跳过程的肌肉工作方式与专项力量训练

本文对跳跃运动员起跳过程的肌肉工作方式特点进行了运动学、动力学探讨、观点新颖，对跳跃运动员的专项力量训练进行了再认识，并介绍了一些训练手段和方法，对指导科学训练及提高专项运动成绩有实际意义。     

篮球篮板球反弹规律及拼抢行为的研究

数据统计及分析结果表明篮球比赛中,投篮未中的球其反弹方向、落点、分布区域是有一定规律的,认识和掌握其规律,有助于队员及时、准确的判断,并采取前瞻性行动.通过对比赛中队员抢篮板球行为的分析,可揭示队员抢篮板球行为过程中主观内在的隐性心理活动,从而为心理方面的训练、培养以及教学提供参考和依据.     

论外语教师反思能力的培养

反思是能动的审视 ,检验理性认识并进行加工的过程。反思是教师职业发展和自我评价的有效途径 ,教师教育方案应该纳入反思性教育理念。从反思的内涵入手 ,探讨了外语教师反思能力的培养方法 ,并提出建设性的建议