古代汉语判断句的确认问题

确定一个句子是否是判断句,要坚持形式与意义相结合的原则,即一是名词性质的词语做谓语,一是主语所指与谓语所指同一事物或同一类别。凡不符合该原则的就不是判断句。还着重分析了“判断句的活用”说所存在的问题。最后指出古代汉语的名词谓语句不都是判断句。     

关于平均随机一致性指标的新定义方法

本文给出了一种客观性较好的平均一致性指标R I的一种新定义,并给出判断矩阵一致性检验指标的临界值的计算方法和置信度.     

孔子的文学思想与中国古代文学

孔子的文学思想包括五个方面：其“关、善”说从功利主义的角度开启了中国古代以政治功利为目的的文学创作与文学批评传统，但它只片面地强调文学的外部作用，而忽略了文学内部规律的研究；其“文、质”说并非论述文学问题，从汉儒开始正式地将此概念引入文学批评，成为中国古代文学批评的重要标准；在其“无邪”至“中”说的基础上派生出了“温柔敦厚”和“含蓄蕴藉”的审美追求；孔子的“兴、观、群、怨”诗教原则对文学理论的影响不仅在于这几个概念本身，而在于提示了“兴观群怨”这一行为物态化后的意义；孔子的诗论思想是汉儒诗教思想的发端，更是汉儒诗教的思想基础和理论核心。     

The foci of in-action professional judgement and decision-making in high-level adventure sports coaching practice

This article continues a theme of previous investigations by the authors and examines the focus of in-action reflection as a component of professional judgement and decision-making (PJDM) processes in high-level adventure sports coaching. We utilised a thematic analysis approach to investigate the decision-making practices of a sample of high-level adventure sports coaches over a series of sessions. It was discovered that adventure sports coaches utilise a combination of questioning and observation to collect and constantly verify the information that forms the basis of their PJDM. Each coach responds to matters of immediate security, collecting information until a best-fit decision can be made regarding changes to the environment, task or individual. Implications for professional training, accreditation and development are presented against these data, offering a template for a more expertise-focused progression in the adventure sports coaching profession.     

Judging athletes’ moral actions: some critical reflections

Approving or disapproving of athletes’ moral conduct and character is commonplace. In this essay I explore to what extent such judgements are valid and reliable moral judgements. I identify some methodological problems associated with making moral judgements particularly, but not exclusively, from a virtue perspective. I argue that we have no reliable access to states of mind needed to make informed evaluations. Moreover, even if such access was available, the validity of our judgements would be compromised or limited by our own moral character.

Abbreviations: ECB: England and Wales Cricket Board; VAR: Video Assistant Referee     

彩票的数学评判模型

对传统型彩票和乐透型彩票评奖方案的合理性问题进行研究.运用模糊数学理论建立模糊综合评判模型;通过构造吸引力效用函数建立吸引力效用评判模型;通过构造潜在购买量函数建立潜在购买量评判模型,评价得出比较合理的彩票销售方案.最后设计模型的优化方案并用蒙特卡洛优化法进行求解,给出改进评奖方案的建议.     

动机效果主次论:一种可操作的裁判员道德评价观

伴随着市场经济和俱乐部职业化商业化的持续发展,体育比赛中的道德问题日益突出,裁判员的道德问题尤为引人关注。在道德评价的理论基础上,提出了裁判员道德评价的基本标准:真、善、美,具体标准:公正、诚实、节制与勇敢。通过分析伦理学界道德评价的三种依据:动机论、效果论、动机与效果结合论的优缺点,提出动机效果主次论是一种可以对裁判员道德行为进行评价的主要依据与方法。     

康德先验美学的内在逻辑

康德先验美学的内在逻辑与其先验哲学的内在逻辑是不同的,在康德前两大批判中康德直接从主观的普遍必然性出发为其寻求先验原理从而建构了他的先验哲学.而在<判断力批判>中,康德将鉴赏问题纳入到反思判断力中,进而为反思判断力寻求先天原理.康德通过分析反思判断力的先天问题,将自然形式合目的性与人类愉快的情感结合起来,为愉快去寻求普遍必然性,而愉快的普遍必然性又来自于想象力与知性的自由和谐的游戏,从而为趣味判断寻求到普遍必然性,最终论证了自然形式合目的性先天原理与美学问题的关联.     

悖论和道德悖论

根据思维内容可将悖论分为理论型悖论和知行型悖论;在理论型悖论中包括逻辑学悖论、哲学悖论、学科悖论等;在知行型悖论中,包括同各学科悖论相对应的学科知行型悖论。道德悖论是学科悖论的一种,包括理论型道德悖论和知行型道德悖论;理论型道德悖论有道义逻辑悖论和伦理悖论;知行型道德悖论则称为德行悖论。     

In and out of home care decisions: The influence of confirmation bias in developing decision supportive reasoning

The aims of this study were to identify the themes Social Workers regard as important in supporting decisions to remove children from, or return them to, the care of their parents. To further elicit underlying hypotheses that are discernible in interpretation of evidence. A case study, comprising a two-part vignette with a questionnaire, recorded demographic information, child welfare attitudes and risk assessments, using scales derived from standardised instruments, was completed by 202 Social Workers in Northern Ireland. There were two manipulated variables, mother's attitude to removal and child's attitude to reunification 2 years later. In this paper we use data derived from respondents’ qualitative comments explaining their reasoning for in and out of home care decisions. Some 60.9% of respondent's chose the parental care option at part one, with 94% choosing to have the child remain in foster care at part two. The manipulated variables were found to have no significant statistical effect. However, three underlying hypotheses were found to underpin decisions; (a) child rescue, (b) kinship defence and (c) a hedged position on calculation of risk subject to further assessment. Reasoning strategies utilised by social workers to support their decision making suggest that they tend to selectively interpret information either positively or negatively to support pre-existing underlying hypotheses. This finding is in keeping with the literature on ‘confirmation bias.’ The research further draws attention to the need to incorporate open questions in quantitative studies, to help guard against surface reading of data, which often does not ‘speak for itself.’