Comparison of the force-, velocity-, and power-time curves recorded with a force plate and a linear velocity transducer

This study aimed to correlate, compare, and determine the reliability of force, velocity, and power values collected with a force plate (FP) and a linear transducer during loaded jumps. Twenty-three swimmers performed an incremental loading test at 25, 50, 75, and 100% of their own body weight on a FP. A linear velocity transducer (LVT) was attached to the bar to assess the peak and the mean values of force, velocity, and power. Both the peak variables (r = 0.94 – 0.99 for peak force, r = 0.83 – 0.91 for peak velocity, and r = 0.90–0.94 for peak power; p < 0.001) and the mean variables (r = 0.96–0.99 for mean force, r = 0.87–0.89 for mean velocity, and r = 0.93–0.96 for mean power; p < 0.001) were strongly correlated between both measurement tools. Differences in the shape of the force-, velocity-, and power-time curves were observed. The LVT data showed a steeper increase in these variables at the beginning of the movement, while the FP recorded larger values in the latter part. Peak values were more reliable than mean values. These results suggest that the LVT is a valid tool for the assessment of loaded squat jump.     

Task-specific kinetic finger tremor affects the performance of carrom players

We aimed to determine the effect of task-specific kinetic finger tremor, as indexed by surface electromyography (EMG), on the accuracy of a carrom stroke. Surface EMG of extensor digitorum communis muscle of the playing arm was recorded during rest, isometric contraction and stroke execution in 17 male carrom players with clinically observed finger tremor and 18 skill- and age-matched controls. Log-transformed power spectral densities (LogPSDs) of surface EMG activity (signifying tremor severity) at a 1-s pre-execution period correlated with angular error of the stroke. LogPSDs in 4–10 Hz range were higher in players with tremor than controls during pre-execution (P < 0.001), but not during the resting state (P = 0.067). Pre-execution tremor amplitude correlated with angular deviation (r = 0.45, P = 0.007). For the first time, we document a task-specific kinetic finger tremor in carrom players. This finger tremor during the immediate pre-execution phase appears to be a significant determinant of stroke accuracy.     

运动训练领域中的运动负荷研究

对运动训练理论中的运动负荷进行了分析.运动员训练的成败在于合理、科学安排运动负荷,研究旨在完善运动训练理论,为广大体育工作者提供参考.     

我国男子铅球优秀运动员背向滑步最后用力时躯干动作的运动学分析

用影像分析等方法对2名男子铅球优秀运动员背向滑步推铅球最后用力过程中躯干转动的动作结构、速度变化等特征进行研究.结果表明,在最后用力阶段,运动员右髋合速度总体趋势上升,达到峰值速度后迅速下降,肩、髋轴的转动幅度在此阶段要远远大于过渡阶段,同时.肩、髋轴的转动速度都迅速增加,肩轴转动速度明显大于髋轴的转动速度,但髋轴先于肩轴达到峰值速度;躯干动作是一种在前振同时进行有序转动的复合运动,右肩的合速度在t1～t2阶段呈下降趋势;人体重心速度的变化在过渡阶段受OY方向的速度影响较大,而受OZ方向的速度影响不大;至最后用力阶段,OY方向身体重心速度迅速下降,OZ方向的身体重心速度急剧上升,而OX方向的人体重心速度对人体重心合速度影响最小.     

体育技术化人文困境的审思

讨论了体育技术化发展使运动损伤加剧的事实,论述了体育技术化对人文关怀忽视的现实;分析了体育技术化人文困境的根源,指出体育发展的功利性,体育对预设的理论规定的僭越以及体育的技术解构与重构而导致的体育伦理价值的颠覆是造成困境的三大主要原因。在此基础上,提出了重塑体育伦理价值理念及实现的行为规范,以及重新确立体育伦理价值评估体系来消解体育技术化人文困境的设想。     

实时BIA技术对蛋白A与免疫球蛋白G相互作用的研究

应用实时BIA技术,探讨了蛋白A与小鼠免疫球蛋白G (MIgG)之间的相互作用,求出相互作用的动力学速率常数ka=5.07×10⁴ (mol/L)^-1s^-1,kd=9.65×10^-5(s^-1),结合常数KA=5.25×10⁸(mol/L)^-1.同时使用蛋白A固定的传感片用于MIgG浓度的检测,在 0.64～ 12mg/L浓度区间内,MIgG的响应值与其浓度有非常好的线性关系.     

实时BIA技术对蛋白A与免疫球蛋白G相互作用的研究

应用实时BIA技术 ,探讨了蛋白A与小鼠免疫球蛋白G (MIgG)之间的相互作用 ,求出相互作用的动力学速率常数ka=5 0 7× 1 0 4 (mol/L) - 1 s- 1 ,kd=9 65× 1 0 - 5(s- 1 ) ,结合常数KA=5 2 5× 1 0 8(mol/L) - 1 .同时使用蛋白A固定的传感片用于MIgG浓度的检测 ,在 0 64～ 1 2mg/L浓度区间内 ,MIgG的响应值与其浓度有非常好的线性关系 .     

三羟甲基乙烷、新戊二醇及其二元体系固—固相变贮热的动力学研究

运用kissinger及Ozawa方法两种热分析动力学模型,利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测定三羟基乙烷(PG)、新戊二醇(NPG)及其二元体系的低温固一固相变DSC曲线,求算固一固相变的表观活化能和反应级数,探讨表观活化能随组成不同的变化规律。两种方法的处理结果是相一致的。     

A Framework to Understand Students' Differentiation Between Heat Energy and Temperature and its Educational Implications

The main objective of this article is to investigate whether students' understanding of heat energy and temperature forms part of a 'hard-core' (Lakatos, 1970) of epistemological beliefs and the degree to which it affects their ability to learn thermodynamics in the classroom. Results obtained based on science major freshman students (n = 99) show that even after having responded correctly in one context that approximates the kinetic view of heat energy students fall back on the caloric theory of heat in a different context. It was also found that there is little relationship between the ability to differentiate between heat energy and temperature and performance on a problem of thermodynamics. Students in this study had been exposed to the kinetic theory in the previous semester and yet some of them had no problem in consistently using the caloric theory, while others switched between the two conceptualizations. It is concluded that an epistemological belief in the caloric theory of heat forms part of the hard-core of students' framework and that the conceptual shift to the kinetic theory requires radical restructuring (Chinn & Brewer, 1993). The question we need to ask is not only what are the students' prior epistemological beliefs, but as to what are the conditions under which the hard-core could crumble. A framework that could facilitate conceptual shifts is formulated.     

水窖底泥中氨氮释放动力学模拟

在不同温度和振荡速度的影响下,水窖底泥中氨氮解吸至上覆水中,会对上覆水造成影响。通过实验分析并探讨了温度和振荡速度对水窖底泥中氨氮释放的影响并进行动力学模拟。实验结果表明：温度和振荡速度增大能够促进水窖底泥中氨氮释放,且氨氮解吸平衡浓度增大;通过准一级动力学方程和准二级动力学方程拟合,两种动力学方程对氨氮释放过程的拟合效果较为接近,且温度影响下两种动力学拟合效果较振荡速度影响好一些（不同温度下其氨氮释放动力学拟合 R2在0．91～0．97,而振荡速度 R20．72～0．94）;因此,窖水的水质可能受到上述因素的影响。实验结果可为窖水水质维护,窖水水质处理等提供理论依据。