影响陕南地区普通话水平测试成绩的相关因素

本文运用数理统计法,分析数据中所包含的信息,挖掘出影响普通话水平测试成绩的因素.     

高等学校培养高层次创新人才的探索

创新人才的本质特征是创造性，创新人才还具有其独特的人格特征及个性心理结构。高等学校为了培养和造就大批高层次创新人才，就必须以创新为核心目标，进行整体、系统和综合的改革：转变教育思想和观念；改革课程体系：突出大学生创新能力的培养；创设有利于大学生创造性发展的学习环境；塑造大学生的创造性人格；增强高校教师的创新精神，提高高校教师自身的创新能力。     

How does visual manipulation affect obstacle avoidance strategies used by athletes?

Research examining our ability to avoid obstacles in our path has stressed the importance of visual input. The aim of this study was to determine if athletes playing varsity-level field sports, who rely on visual input to guide motor behaviour, are more able to guide their foot over obstacles compared to recreational individuals. While wearing kinematic markers, eight varsity athletes and eight age-matched controls (aged 18–25) walked along a walkway and stepped over stationary obstacles (180° motion arc). Visual input was manipulated using PLATO visual goggles three or two steps pre-obstacle crossing and compared to trials where vision was given throughout. A main effect between groups for peak trail toe elevation was shown with greater values generated by the controls for all crossing conditions during full vision trials only. This may be interpreted as athletes not perceiving this obstacle as an increased threat to their postural stability. Collectively, findings suggest the athletic group is able to transfer their abilities to non-specific conditions during full vision trials; however, varsity-level athletes were equally reliant on visual cues for these visually guided stepping tasks as their performance was similar to the controls when vision is removed.     

Quality of life perception of basketball master athletes: association with physical activity level and sports injuries

This study aimed to verify the prevalence and characteristics of sports injuries (SI) and determine the association between the physical activity level (PA) and SI with perception of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Brazilian basketball master athletes. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 410 male master athletes, between 35 and 85 years of age (mean 52.26, SD ±11.83). The HRQoL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study – Short Form-36. The PA was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Information regarding SI was collected using the Reported Morbidity Survey. Poisson regression, as estimated by the prevalence ratio (PR), was used as a measure of the association of PA and SI with HRQoL. The majority of athletes showed a high SI prevalence (58.3%) and reported one injury (67.8%) that occurred during training (61.1%) and primarily affected a lower limb (74.6%). The adjusted regression models showed a positive association of PA with the Functional Capacity (PR = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–1.90) and Physical Component (PR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.03–1.70) of HRQoL. Furthermore, the SI were negatively associated with HRQoL in Functional Capacity (PR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.51–2.27), Physical Aspects (PR = 3.99, 95% CI = 3.08–5.18), Pain (PR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.26–2.16), Social Functioning (PR = 1.79, 95% CI = 1.41–2.27), Emotional Aspects (PR = 4.40, 95% CI = 3.35–5.78), Mental Health domains (PR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.06–1.68), Physical Component (PR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.90–2.90) and Mental Component (PR = 2.65, 95% CI = 2.14–3.29). These results highlighted that master athletes showed a high SI prevalence, primarily in the lower limbs. PA positively correlates with the physical HRQoL domain, whereas SI may decrease the HRQoL levels of both physical and mental domains.     

The key to success in elite athletes? Explicit and implicit motor learning in youth elite and non-elite soccer players

In sports, fast and accurate execution of movements is required. It has been shown that implicitly learned movements might be less vulnerable than explicitly learned movements to stressful and fast changing circumstances that exist at the elite sports level. The present study provides insight in explicit and implicit motor learning in youth soccer players with different expertise levels. Twenty-seven youth elite soccer players and 25 non-elite soccer players (aged 10–12) performed a serial reaction time task (SRTT). In the SRTT, one of the sequences must be learned explicitly, the other was implicitly learned. No main effect of group was found for implicit and explicit learning on mean reaction time (MRT) and accuracy. However, for MRT, an interaction was found between learning condition, learning phase and group. Analyses showed no group effects for the explicit learning condition, but youth elite soccer players showed better learning in the implicit learning condition. In particular, during implicit motor learning youth elite soccer showed faster MRTs in the early learning phase and earlier reached asymptote performance in terms of MRT. Present findings may be important for sports because children with superior implicit learning abilities in early learning phases may be able to learn more (durable) motor skills in a shorter time period as compared to other children.     

运动员感恩的价值及其培养策略分析

运动员感恩教育是指运动队的管理者或者教练员根据运动员的个性特点,在训练和比赛的过程中运用一定的方法和手段,创造一定的感恩氛围,激发和引导运动员对知恩、感恩、报恩、施恩的价值认同,并付诸实践的道德教育过程。运动员感恩的价值主要体现在增加运动员的心理应对资源;促进运动员行为的积极变化;建立和维持运动员的人际关系网络。对运动员进行感恩教育的培养策略可以从以下3个方面进行:营造良好的感恩教育环境;创新感恩教育的方式、方法;提升感恩认知和行为。     

中国皮划艇国家二队功能动作筛查的应用研究

运用文献资料法、测试法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法和数理统计法对国家皮划艇青年队进行功能动作筛查测试,根据测试结果为备战2020年奥运会提供数据及理论的支持。通过研究发现:划艇运动员的总分情况整体优于皮艇运动员;大部分运动员髋、膝、踝三关节在单一的运动平面中具有较好的协调和稳定性,但在两个以上的运动平面中完成动作的稳定和控制能力有待提高;运动员的髋关节、肩关节及股四头肌柔韧性存在不平衡现象,左侧链与右侧链在多运动平面中协调稳定性也存在不平衡现象;运动员的损伤率较高,且损伤的主要部位是肩和腰。     

学风建设深层问题的几点思考

高校学风建设要以学生为中心，一切从学生的根本利益出发，对学生全面负责。通过深化教育教学改革，充分调动学生学习的积极性、主动性、创造性并培养学生优良的道德品质是学风建设的根本目的。     

中国基础研究类高层次科技人才流动特征分析 ——以环境领域为例

探寻我国基础研究类科技人才,尤其是高层次科技人才的流动特征和规律,对于制定我国基础研究类科技 人才发现、培养和发展的政策具有重要意义。本文以环境领域国家杰出青年科学基金获得者为研究对象,对中国该领 域基础研究类高层次科技人才的机构流动和国别流动特征进行分析。基于马斯洛需求理论,进一步对不同动机产生的 人才流动所对应的年龄分布进行探讨,为我国基础研究类高层次科技人才的政策制定提供参考和借鉴。