The influence of 2 weeks of low-volume high-intensity interval training on health outcomes in adolescent boys

Abstract

The present study aimed to establish whether 2 weeks of high-intensity interval training would have a beneficial effect on aerobic fitness, fat oxidation, blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) in healthy adolescent boys. Ten adolescent boys (15.1 ± 0.3 years, 1.3 ± 0.2 years post-estimated peak height velocity) completed six sessions of Wingate-style high-intensity interval training over a 2-week period. The first session consisted of four sprints with training progressed to seven sprints in the final session. High-intensity interval training had a beneficial effect on maximal O₂ uptake (mean change, ±90% confidence intervals: 0.19 L · min^?1, ±0.19, respectively), on the O₂ uptake at the gas exchange threshold (0.09 L · min^?1, ±0.13) and on the O₂ cost of sub-maximal exercise (–0.04 L · min^?1, ±0.04). A beneficial effect on the contribution of lipid (0.06 g · min^?1, ±0.06) and carbohydrate (–0.23 g · min^?1, ±0.14) oxidation was observed during sub-maximal exercise, but not for the maximal rate of fat oxidation (0.04 g · min^?1, ±0.08). Systolic blood pressure (1 mmHg, ±4) and BMI (0.1 kg · m², ±0.1) were not altered following training. These data demonstrate that meaningful changes in health outcomes are possible in healthy adolescent boys after just six sessions of high-intensity interval training over a 2-week period.     

冬泳对老年人血脂及脂质过氧化的影响

通过对经常参加冬泳运动的老年人与不参加运动的老年人血脂及脂质过氧化物的比较，探讨冬泳运动对老年人血脂及脂质过氧化的影响。结果显示，冬泳运动能够降低老年人的TC、TG、VLDL和MDA水平，提高HDL和SOD水平，表明冬泳运动对改善老年人脂类代谢、增强机体的抗氧化能力有积极的意义。     

迷迭香对运动大鼠心肌组织脂质过氧化损伤保护作用的研究

选用SD大鼠，递增强度训练建立运动模型，研究迷迭香对运动大鼠心肌脂质过氧化损伤的保护作用。结果显示：迷迭香可显著降低血清谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶（sGOT）的活性（P〈0．05），在心肌组织中谷氨酸草酰乙酸转氨酶的活性液呈现下降趋势；迷迭香可以不同程度地增强心肌组织中抗氧化酶SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活性，均有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；迷迭香可以降低心肌组织中MDA的含量，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：迷迭香可以增强心肌组织中的抗氧化酶活性，减轻大强度耐力训练对大鼠心肌组织造成的脂质过氧化损伤。     

综合干预对肥胖男性青少年身体形态和血液生化指标的影响

目的:对7名肥胖男性青少年进行为期21天的封闭式综合干预(运动、营养、生活方式、心理教育等)减肥。通过比较综合干预前后研究对象身体形态指标、血液生化指标和生活习惯的变化,探讨综合干预对肥胖青少年健康的改善和促进作用。方法:以2011年参加沈阳体育学院运动智能控重中心减肥夏令营的7名体脂率>29%的男性肥胖青少年为研究对象,综合干预开始时测试身高、体重、体脂百分比(PBF)、身体质量指数(BMI)、脂肪体重、瘦体重、腰围、臀围等身体形态指标和血脂四项、血清葡萄糖(Glu)和血清胰岛素(FIN)等血液生化指标。经运动负荷试验和体格检查,排除心血管机能障碍等危险因素后确定个体减肥方案。采取运动干预、营养干预、心理干预以及生活方式干预等综合干预方案,21天后测定相同指标并与刚入营时进行比较。结果:经过21天的综合干预,肥胖青少年体重、身体质量指数(BMI)、体脂百分比(PBF)、脂肪体重、腰围、臀围等身体形态指标和空腹血脂、血清胰岛素(FIN)指标明显改善,空腹血糖(Glu)没有变化。结论:21天的综合干预对肥胖男性青少年身体形态和血液生化指标有明显改善作用。     

Effect of Oxidized Phosphatidylcholine on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Rats

In this study it was planned to investigate the effect of oxidized phosphatidylcholine (derived from egg) feeding on lipid peroxidation of different tissues in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were fed oxidized and unoxidized phosphatidylcholine for 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. During the period of study food intake and body weights of animals increased gradually. Animals fed oxidized phosphatidylcholine for 2 and 4 weeks showed 33 and 15% spontaneous hemolysis of red blood cells in vitro. Under identical experimental conditions animals given unoxidized phosphatidylcholine showed 14.5 and 13.4% hemolysis for 2 and 4 week’s period, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in thymus, spleen, kidney, heart, liver and lung significantly increased in rats given oxidized phosphatidylcholine as compared to unoxidized group. Furthermore, in oxidized phosphatidylcholine group TBARS values in kidney, liver and lungs continued to rise for 4 weeks of treatment while TBARS level in heart, spleen and thymus was found to be decreased at the end of 4 weeks of oxidized phosphatidylcholine feeding. Plasma triacylglycerol and cholesterol was found to increase in rats who had received oxidized phosphatidylcholine for 2 weeks. These findings suggest that excess and persistent intake of oxidized phosphatidylcholine can cause significant damage to organs.     

成年人腰围与血压、血糖及血脂指标的相关性研究

目的:了解腰围与血压、血糖及血脂指标间的相关性,界定预测高血压、高血糖及高脂血症等的适宜腰围切点,为腹部肥胖标准的制定提供参考;方法:测取上海E大学的925名成年人的腰围、血压、血糖及血脂等指标,分析探讨腰围与血压、血糖及血脂指标的相互关系;结果:非腹部肥胖组的血压、血糖、血脂状况优于腹部肥胖组,具有统计学意义;通过ROC曲线法得出,男性腹部肥胖筛选点为89～90cm(P72.5～P77.5),女性腹部肥胖筛选点为76～77cm(P65～P75).结论:WHO建议的亚洲人腹部肥胖标准较适合本研究对象;即使对于成年人,年龄仍是影响腰围的一个重要因素,建议将年龄因素考虑到腹部肥胖标准的制定中.     

相同时间不同组成运动方案对糖脂代谢影响的比较研究

以普通在校男大学生为研究对象,以体成分、血液为指标,探讨不同有氧跑运动方案对糖脂代谢影响的比较研究,以期探索出哪种有氧跑运动方案对预防及改善糖脂代谢有更佳的趋势。     

运动对脂质代谢中ATGL的影响研究

脂解过程是对储存在细胞中脂滴的一个复杂的协调代谢过程,脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶（ATGL）是催化甘油三酯水解的重要脂肪酶,在脂肪代谢中发挥着重要作用。通过文献综述,对脂滴的生物学功能、ATGL缺乏产生的影响、脂解和ATGL调节,以及运动训练对ATGL的影响等研究进展进行了梳理。指出,ATGL在脂解过程中起着关键作用,运动训练尤其是耐力运动可促进ATGL在机体内表达的增加,促进脂质代谢。     

Lipid profile in middle class Bengali population of Kolkata

Fasting samples of 1396 apparently healthy, middle class Bengali population of Kolkata, West Bengal were tested for total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, over a period of three years. The values obtained were (in mg/dl) 190±33, 132±42, 53±10, 116±30 and 21±7 respectively. When these subjects were grouped according to the age and sex, no appreciable difference were observed between most of the groups. Triglyceride was found to be low and HDL cholesterol was high in women below 30 years when compared with men of similar age. Beyond 60 years, cholesterol level as well as low density lipoprotein cholesterol was found to be gradually increased in case of women. Besides these changes, other minor differences were not statistically significant. It is suggested that the lipid values of the present study should be taken as a base parameters and the clinical evaluation be made on the basis of these finding.     

Serum dehydroepiandrosterone and lipid peroxides in human volunteers of different age groups

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the changes in serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and lipid peroxide levels during ageing in human subjects. Random blood samples were collected from a total of 128 apparently normal human volunteers of both sexes, whose age ranged between 21–70 years. The subjects were divided into groups of a decade years of age difference. Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), lipid peroxides as malondialdehyde (MDA), and insulin were analysed in all the subjects recruited in the study. In the present study there was decrease in serum DHEA levels with age (11.30 to 7.99 ng/ml). However the differences were significant only after 50 years up to 70 years. Serum MDA levels of these subjects were higher (3.91 to 4.74 ng/ml) as compared to the values reported earlier (2.64 to 3.94 ng/ml). The serum MDA levels also showed an increasing trend with age but the increase was significant only in the 40–50 years age group and values plateaud off at later ages. The MDA and DHEA levels in women in general were lower than in men and this could be due to female hormones, which are known to protect lipid against peroxidation. There was a significant negative correlation between age and DHEA (r=−0.311 P<0.05) and positive correction between MDA and age (r=+0.405 P<0.01). No significant differences were seen in serum insulin, albumin and total protein levels. These preliminary findings support the possible utility of DHEA and MDA as markers for chronological ageing.