Optimal flight technique for V-style ski jumping

This paper describes the results of a numerical study to determine the optimal flight technique for V-style ski jumping. We attempt to answer the question of how a jumper should fly in order to increase their flight distance in a V-style posture. The index of performance in this optimization study is the horizontal flight distance, which is mathematically equivalent to the total flight distance, and the control parameters are the ski-operning angle and the angle of forward lean that the jumper employs (the body-ski angle). The flight trajectory is simulated on the basis of an aerodynamic database constructed from wind tunnel test data. It is found that the ski-opening angle should be increased in the first half of the flight, and then maintained at a constant value during the rest of the jump. Optimal control of the ski-opening angle when there is either a headwind or tailwind is also discussed. It is found that the jumper needs to control the skiopening angle over a wider range in the case of a headwind than in the case of a tailwind. The jumper's skill in controlling the ski-opening angle is very important for increasing the flight distance, especially in the case of a tailwind.     

世界男子三级跳远技术发展研究

从1896年至1996年，三级跳远成绩由首届奥运会的13．71m，提高到18．29m，几乎以每25年提高1．00m的速度飞速向前发展。课题组通过近6年的努力，收集到的有关三级跳远技术献资料，进行分类、类比、归纳、演绎、综合分析及统计处理等方法，从诸方面进行分析探讨，研究结果显示——世界男子三级跳远技术发展经历了5个阶段；1、自由发展阶段；2、以单足跳为主的技术；3、平跳型技术；4、以跳跃为主的技术；5、以速度为基础的跳跃为主的综合型技术。     

最大动量训练法对跑、跳基本动作的影响

本文是一篇实验性研究报告。作者用“最大动量训练法”对７名运动员进行了为期三个月的训练。结果发现“最大动量训练法”能够改变下肢各肌肉群收缩发力的协调性。并且通过下肢各肌肉群力量状态的改善，使运动员的跑、跳技术得到改善。     

对背越式跳高“助跑与起跳结合”教学辅助手段的研究

在背越式跳高助跑与起跳结合技术的教学中，采用辅助练习与常规教学方法进行对比实验研究。结果显示，在教学中采用具有针对性的辅助练习，对于学生更好更快的掌握技术大有帮助。     

对少年跳远运动员的助跑速度的探讨

根据我国跳远运动的现状,运用有关的研究成果,对江苏省少年运动员提出了0“提高绝对速度,带动跳远训练”的指导思想,论述了跳远运动中各种速度的特点,作用和相互之间的关系。     

关于减少高度项目试跳次数的探讨

田径高度项目比赛试跳次数多，时间长，运动员体力消耗大，影响成绩的发挥；起跳高度过高提升幅度大，不能真实反映每个运动员的水平，兼项请假不易掌握，轮次概念认识不一致。高度项目比赛有必要减少试跳次数，提出了减少试跳次数的具体办法。     

大强度跳跃训练对生长期大鼠骨生物力学性质的影响

对生长期大鼠进行8周大强度跳跃训练，并对不同运动量进行比较研究。测定其股骨生物力学性质，结果表明大鼠股骨抵抗破坏和变形的能力降低，其脆性增大，强度降低，且运动量越大表现越明显，结果揭示大强度、大运动量跳跃训练使大鼠股骨生物力学性质出现明显下降。     

弹跳力与相关形态指标

本文通过对我院男排队员纵跳成绩与相关形态指标的调查,详细分析形态指标及派生指数与弹跳力之间的关系,从形态方面为少年排球运动员选材提供依据。     

对中学背越式跳高教学效果的探讨

以沈阳市实验中学二年级12个班的全体女生为研究对象，将其分为对照组与实验组。采用“逆向”教学法的实验组的优秀率、良好率、及格率以及平均高度均高于采用“顺向”教学法的对照组。     

Show‐Jumping

This study examined the effects of the rider on the linear projectile kinematics of show‐jumping horses. SVHS video recordings (50 Hz) of eight horses jumping a vertical fence 1 m high were used for the study. Horses jumped the fence under two conditions: loose (no rider or tack) and ridden. Recordings were digitised using Peak Motus. After digitising the sequences, each rider's digitised data were removed from the ridden horse data so that three conditions were examined: loose, ridden (including the rider's data) and riderless (rider's data removed). Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences between ridden and loose conditions for CG height at take‐off (p < 0.001), CG distance to the fence at take‐off (p = 0.001), maximum CG during the suspension phase (p < 0.001), CG position over the centre of the fence (p < 0.001), CG height at landing (p < 0.001), and vertical velocity at take‐off (p < 0.001). The results indicated that the rider's effect on jumping horses was primarily due to behavioural changes in the horse's motion (resulting from the rider's instruction), rather than inertial effects (due to the positioning of the rider on the horse). These findings have implications for the coaching of riders and horses.