Young children’s impressionable use of teleology: the influence of question wording and questioned topic on teleological explanations for natural phenomena

There is a significant body of research on children’s preconceptions concerning scientific concepts and the impact this has upon their science education. One active issue concerns the extent to which young children’s explanations for the existence of natural kinds rely on a teleological rationale: for example, rain is for watering the grass, or tigers’ stripes are for camouflage. It has been argued that this teleological tendency hampers children’s ability to learn about causality in the natural world. This paper investigates two factors (question wording and topic) which it is argued have led to a misestimation of children’s teleological tendencies within the area natural phenomena: i.e. those that are time-constrained, natural events or process such as snow, clouds or night. Sixty-six (5–8 years old) children took part in a repeated-measures experiment, answering both open and leading questions across 10 topics of natural phenomena. The findings indicate that children’s teleological reasoning may have been overestimated as open-question forms significantly reduced their tendency to answer teleologically. Moreover, the concept of teleology is more nuanced than often suggested. Consequently, young children may be more able to learn about causal explanations for the existence of natural phenomena than the literature implies.     

在阐释中生成意义——胡德海教育学思想的学术造诣

胡德海先生以独特的思维方式和方法,较高的抽象思维和思辨能力去选择中、西文化现有的思想成果,塑造出一种新的、富有创见的、思维缜密的教育学理论体系,形成了他的教育学思想,其中涵盖了哲学、文化学和人类学、系统论、进化论、结构学、结构主义、人本学等思想理论,体现了其独特的学术造诣。     

锦州市旅游解说系统的构建

针对锦州旅游业的现状与存在问题，阐析旅游风景区角翠说系统的概念，并对其旅游活动的。角翠说”特征、设计要素进行分析。锦州市要将旅游做大做强．必须加强“旅游角翠说系统”的建设．该系统应包括交通导引角翠说系统、接待基础设施角翠说系统、景区解说系统、游客中心、外部协作系统。     

敦煌壁画形式构成初探

敦煌壁画在空间结构上与建筑、雕塑的紧密结合,在平面形式结构上随石窟总体艺术布局和表现内容的不同而呈多样化的特点,体现出敦煌壁画优美的艺术形式和无穷的艺术魅力。敦煌壁画艺术是宗教艺术与中华民族艺术交融的结晶,对当代艺术具有深远的影响。     

高中文理分科何错之有——与取消论者商榷

文理分科不分家是现代社会发展的必然趋势,高中文理分科是教育为社会服务的必然要求。在我国这样一个有着几千年考试传统的大国,文理分科不仅有利于减轻学生的学习负担,促进学生的个性发展;也有利于提高人才培养效率,为社会输送更多的专业人才。科学研究的成果为施行文理分科奠定了自然基础:脑功能分区定位研究为文理分科做出了生理学的解释;多元智能理论为文理分科提供了心理学依据;二层次三因素理论为文理分科提供了教育学的参考。人类由工业社会向服务业社会过渡进程中,社会职业分类越来越细,专业要求越来越高,为文理分科开辟了时代的航程。     

非物质文化遗产视角下的高校传统武术教育现状及对策研究

高等院校是文化遗产传承与发展的主体,在非物质文化遗产的研究、传承和发展方面有着不可替代的作用。传统武术在非物质文化遗产"杂技与竞技"类项目中占有重要地位,切实加强高等院校传统武术的教育与传承,保护和发展我们的母体文化,是未来高等院校体育课程发展的新课题。     

Providing ability to probability: Reducing cognitive load through worked‐out examples

Undergraduate students tend to struggle with probability in their introductory statistics course. Probability problem solving requires several steps. First, students must make sense of the probability scenario, then determine the appropriate probability rules, and finally, execute the procedures to solve the problem. With no previous exposure to probability, this presents too great a cognitive load for many students. Using worked‐out problems then transitioning to partially worked‐out problems in an introductory statistics course at a large university helped students succeed at solving probability problems. The worked‐out problems included writing prompts to encourage self‐explanation of students' thinking through studying the worked‐out examples. This paper explains the use of these instructional principles and their implementation in an introductory statistics course for non‐STEM majors, resulting in higher student achievement and understanding.     

高校文科综合实验教学中心开放实验教学的研究

目前许多高等院校文科类学科培养人才在实验教学环节普遍存在着问题,通过对高等院校文科类实验教学现状和存在问题的分析及研究,从而提出构建高校文科综合实验教学中心开放实验教学平台及其有效管理模式。     

State Subsidies and Repertoire Conventionality in the Non-Profit English Theatre Sector: An Econometric Analysis

This paper examines the impact of financial and socio-economic factors on repertoire decisions of the grant-aided, non-profit theatre sector in England using cross-sectional regression analysis for the seasons 1996/97 to 1998/99. The dependent variable, a conventionality index, a variant of the DiMaggio/Stenberg conformity index, is calculated first. This shows a very considerable variation in repertoire conventionality, so measured, in the non-profit English theatre sector. A model is then constructed to assess the impact of the above-mentioned factors in determining variations in this index using a dataset hitherto not analysed in this way. The empirical results show that public subsidy, the size and the location of a theatre as well as the local average income have an impact on conventionality, which confirms existing empirical findings.     

A Critical Social Literacy Project: Newfoundlanders Challenge The Shipping News

In this paper we challenge traditional classroom reading and writing practices by presenting a critique of a critical literacy project that used hypermedia as the vehicle for textual engagement and resistance. We begin with remarks that locate critical literacy within a postmodern world, explain why we invited our students in the Faculty of Education at Memorial University of Newfoundland to read The Shipping News (1993), and continue with an analysis of their constructed World Wide Web texts. In addition to the Web pages, our data consist of students' commentaries on the course assignments, emails to the instructors, and the Internet audience's responses to the site. Literacy emerges and expands well beyond its earlier restrictive text-based practices. It assumes a plurality of constructions and meanings that are situated within social engagements with the world in which the students live.