双词句语言──儿童语言发展的一个重要时期

通过对儿童语言习得的调查与分析,探讨了双词句语言的构成、解释方式以及语义联系,阐明双词句语言在儿童语言生成中的重要作用。     

稀有气体化合物分子结构的理论解释

对稀有气体化合物的分子结构分别用“价层电子对互斥理论”、“价键理论”和“分子轨道理论”进行了分析处理。讨论了稀有气体化合物分子的成键本质以及某些性质,指出它们各自的优缺点和如何应用不同的理论去解决教学中不同的疑题。     

Full-income and price elasticities of demand for German public theatre

This article provides estimates of price and income elasticities of demand for German public theatre, using a large and reliable data set for 178 theatres over 40 years (1965–2004). It is posited that the consumption of the performing arts is a time-intensive activity for which both a theatre ticket and leisure time are necessary. Thus, the impacts of ‘full-income’ (‘leisure time income’ added to disposable income) and the price of leisure time on theatre attendance are examined. The findings indicate that the demand for the performing arts is own-price inelastic. The disposable income elasticity is significant, positive and equals approximately one. In contrast, the full-income elasticity is well above one and greater than usual income elasticity indicating that the performing arts are a luxury good when leisure time income is included in the consumer’s budget. The positive full-income effect is, however, offset by the negative price of leisure effect indicating that leisure time is a complement for the performing arts. Additionally, three objective quality characteristics of theatrical productions which can positively influence theatre demand are examined.

Arts and Economic Prosperity III: a review

Americans for the Arts published Arts & Economic Prosperity III: The Economic Impact of Nonprofit Arts and Culture Organizations and Their Audiences in May 2007. Americans for the Arts is a non-profit organization in the USA that aims to advance the arts by creating opportunities for all Americans to participate in and appreciate the arts. This is the third economic impact study of the sector undertaken by Americans for the Arts, the first two studied activity in 1992 and 2000 respectively. This review examines the wealth of data made available and the claims made for the economic impact of the non-profit arts and culture sector in the USA. The Arts & Economic Prosperity study concluded that the non-profit arts and culture industry generated $166.2 billion of economic activity and supported 5.7 million full-time equivalent jobs in the USA. The review raises concerns about the methodologies employed to both capture and interpret the data, in particular the reliance on gross figures rather than net flows and the lack of consideration of opportunity cost. In conclusion, it questions the degree of utility of the study given its heavy promotion as a tool for advocacy by Americans for the Arts.     

The measure of all things: on the use of time as a value indicator in arts impact assessment

Like money, time is a scarce resource. People used to economizing with one are likely to economize with the other. This proposition has serious implications for cultural economics (as for economics generally); three in particular are explored here. (1) Because cultural values are learned, and learning takes time, from the sorts of learning experience to which people have committed time in the past much can be inferred about their probable cultural consumption behaviour in future and about their attitudes to art. (2) The arts deliver socio-economic impact by encouraging new forms of belief – altering people's values essentially. Beliefs then influence action. Impact assessors must confront the question of value generation head on. (3) Use of time indicators will enable assessors to capture and quantify impacts which barely register on the usual money-economic scale, generating new categories of evidence directly if unconventionally relevant to cultural policy debate. The discussion is situated in historical context, drawing attention to a rich tradition of time-reflexive thinking within professional economics. The assumption underlying much of modern, purposely “neoclassical” cultural economics – that cultural value can best be measured in terms of willingness to pay or willingness to be paid money – is not strictly necessary either in economic theory or in economic practice, and for impact assessment purposes it is not always helpful. Sections following the historical introduction take careful account of recent developments in cultural economics, and to facilitate further reading frequently refer to the summative handbooks edited by Ruth Towse (2003) and Victor Ginsburgh and David Throsby (2006).     

Theory-based evaluation and the social impact of the arts

The well-documented challenges in researching the social impacts of the arts are closely related to key issues in contemporary social research and evaluation, most particularly the problem of causal attribution. The article contends that some of the most common criticisms of the evidence base for the social impact of the arts relate to the successionist model of change which underpins positivist social science research and evaluation. Illustrating this with reference to research on the arts and quality of life, the article considers the alternative generative understanding of causation that underpins theory-based evaluation (TBE) approaches, favoured recently in the UK as part of the “What Works?” agenda. While these approaches fit well with knowledge about the determinants of arts impact, the article considers whether in fact TBE approaches offer an effective strategy for understanding how and why arts engagement can result in social change. The limitations and possibilities of TBE are considered with reference to four recent UK studies of the impact of the arts on individuals which make use of them.     

中国传统武术文化价值和发展方向探骊

本文首先阐述了中国传统武术文化的内涵,深入剖析了在社会现代化的选择下,传统武术的价值取向,进一步提出在全球化和文化多元化的时代背景下,传统武术的未来发展方向,为传统武术的发展提供一些建议,以促进传统武术全面的发展、传播。     

免费义务教育政策下武术馆校经营状况及发展对策研究

免费义务教育政策在一定程度上影响着武术馆校的发展,也成了研究武术馆校运营的切入点。运用文献资料、问卷调查等方法,对比分析实施免费义务教育前后武术馆校的生源状况、收费状况以及经营内容等的变化,阐述免费义务教育政策对武术馆校经营发展的影响,提出今后武术馆校进行合理化经营的若干建议。     

对峨嵋武术产业化发展的思考

峨嵋派武术有着辉煌的过去,是中华武术三大流派之一,而今昔日的辉煌已失。如何重拯救雄风,开创峨嵋派武术的新局面,已成为我们当前工作的重点。本文运用文献资料法、调查分析法、资料统计法等多种研究方法,从社会学、历史学、经济管理学、市场营销学的角度出发,结合峨嵋派武术实际的情况,对制约其发展的主要因素加以研究和总结,提出,在中国社会经济体制改革与武术走向世界的时代背景下,决定了峨嵋派武术越须走国际化、市场化、产业化发展的道路,峨嵋武术,要想得到振兴和发展就越须彻底地、大胆的进行改革．首先：是观念的更新,要建立与之相适应的市场观念、竞争观念、创新观念、服务观念、信息观念和人才观念,它是实现峨嵋武术做大做强的目标前提：其次：深化改革是峨嵋武术发展的关键,应建立峨嵋武术的经济实体,实行专业化的统一管理,应采用联盟制的集团化经营模式;第三,拓展市场是峨嵋武术产业化发展的核心,这就要求我们必须认真做好调查研究,充分了解市场,做好宣传工作,不断开拓创新,挖掘潜在的市场,扩大峨嵋武术在市场的占有份额,这样才能加快峨嵋武术发展的步伐。     

合作学习教学模式在武术普修课教学中对学生学习动机水平的影响

通过调查访问、实验、数理统计分析等方法,对武术普修课“合作学习”教学模式进行了两轮教学实验。结果揭示了“合作学习”教学模式符合现代体育教学理论的基本要求,在武术普修课教学中能有效地增强学生学习的动机水平,是新课改背景下武术普修课教学比较理想的教学模式。