Properties of Isokinetic Fatigue at Various Movement Speeds in Adult Males

Abstract

Eighteen male subjects, ages 20–28 years, engaged in three fatigue bouts using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex II). Maximum knee extension contractions were given for 100 s at a rate of 30 per minute. The three contraction speeds chosen were 120° · s ^–1 160° · s ^–1 and 200° · s ^–1.Peak torque at 120° · s ^–1 was significantly greater (p <.05) than at 200° · s ^–1 for the first 60 s, and 160° · s ^–1 for the first 50 s. Thereafter, no significant differences existed among conditions. All three curves were found to follow two-component exponential functions as shown by the equation y_t =a ₂ e^k2^t – a ₁ e^k1^t + c. The three curves possessed similar rate constants for both components. Time to peak torque was achieved at similar times for testing at 160 and 200° · s ^–1 (p <.05). It is concluded that peak torque varies inversely with movement speed, and that the pattern of decrement is independent of movement speed. Time to peak torque does not appear to change significantly across trials in isokinetic fatigue.     

Lower limb muscle strength and physical activity in healthy individuals approaching retirement

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine knee extensor/flexor muscle strength and physical activity in healthy males and females approaching retirement. Peak torques of the knee extensor and knee flexor muscle groups were measured bilaterally in 95 individuals (mean age 59.4 years) using an isokinetic dynamometer. Isokinetic concentric contractions were performed at angular velocities of 1.05 and 3.14 rad · s^?1. Physical activity, including household, leisure, and sporting activities, was assessed. The results show that the average peak torques exhibited were lower than previously reported in studies using the same methodology with different populations of similar age and body size. Over one-third of the participants were sedentary, with just 13% being active enough to obtain health benefits. The poor muscle strength and low physical activity of this self selecting group of healthy working adults were surprising, and potentially a cause for concern. The combination of retirement being a potential watershed for a decrease in physical activity and the known age-related decline in physical performance indicates that some of these participants are at risk of losing their functional independence fairly early in the retirement stage. We recommend the introduction of effective health promotion interventions for individuals approaching retirement, encouraging them to become more physically active.     

Markers of isometric training intensity and reductions in resting blood pressure

Abstract

In this study, we examined the correlations between selected markers of isometric training intensity and subsequent reductions in resting blood pressure. Thirteen participants performed a discontinuous incremental isometric exercise test to volitional exhaustion at which point mean torque for the final 2-min stage (2min-torque_peak) and peak heart rate peak (HR_peak) were identified. Also, during 4 weeks of training (3 sessions per week, comprising 4 × 2 min bilateral leg isometric exercise at 95% HR_peak), heart rate (HR_train), torque (Torque_train), and changes in EMG amplitude (ΔEMG_amp) and frequency (ΔEMG_freq) were determined. The markers of training intensity were: Torque_train relative to the 2min-torque_peak (%2min-torque_peak), EMG relative to EMG_peak (%EMG_peak), HR_train ΔEMG_amp, ΔEMG_freq, and %MVC. Mean systolic (?4.9 mmHg) and arterial blood pressure (?2.7mmHg) reductions correlated with %2min-torque_peak (r = ?0.65, P = 0.02 and r = ?0.59, P = 0.03), ΔEMG_amp (r = 0.66, P = 0.01 and r = 0.59, P = 0.03), ΔEMG_freq (r = ?0.67, P = 0.01 and r = ?0.64, P = 0.02), and %EMG_peak (systolic blood pressure only; r = ?0.63, P = 0.02). These markers best reflect the association between isometric training intensity and reduction in resting blood pressure observed after bilateral leg isometric exercise training.     

健身健美操对大学生最大摄氧量的影响研究——以武汉科技大学为例

运用抽样调查、实验和比较研究法研究武汉科技大学学生的最大摄氧量。结论显示:健身健美操能显著改善大学生的心血管机能;足球、篮球、羽毛球和网球项目相比,改善效果更显著;对女生心血管机能的改善程度大于男生。     

求解奇异线性方程组的一类推广的Cramer法则

任意给定方阵A,首先给出了A的群逆、Dazin逆的行列式表示,借此导出了求一类约束线性方程组的解的行列式公式,并应用文献[8]的结果,得到了求不相容线性方程组极小范数最小二乘解的行列式公式.当方程组为非奇异线性方程组时,所得行列式公式均可化为经典的Cramer法则,从而将Cramer法则在奇异线性方程组领域做了新的形式的推广.     

Maximal Criterion Validity and Scale Criterion Validity: A Latent Variable Modeling Approach for Examining Their Difference

This article studies the difference between the criterion validity coefficient of the widely used overall scale score for a unidimensional multicomponent measuring instrument and the maximal criterion validity coefficient that is achievable with a linear combination of its components. A necessary and sufficient condition of their identity is presented in the case of measurement errors being uncorrelated among themselves and with a used criterion. An upper bound of the difference in these validity coefficients is provided, indicating that it cannot exceed the discrepancy between the maximal reliability and composite reliability indexes. A readily applicable latent variable modeling procedure is discussed that can be used for point and interval estimation of the difference between the maximal and scale criterion validity coefficients. The outlined method is illustrated with a numerical example.     

关于强duo模的推广

本文给出了强duo模的一个推广——极大强duo模,研究了极大强duo模的一些刻画及性质,并且证明了在半单模的条件下,极大强duo模与强duo模是等价的.     

Riesz乘积空间的有关性质

设 { Ei∶i∈I}是一族 Riesz空间且 E= i∈ I　Ei 是 Riesz乘积空间 .关于 Riesz子空间、理想、带、(主 )投影性质、正算子和 Riesz同态 ,指出 E与每一个因子空间 Ei 之间的一些关系 .当 E=C(X)和 Ei=C(Xi) (X和 Xi 为实紧空间 )时 ,还得到 E上 Riesz同态和极大理想的表示形式     

论短跑训练中的最大力量训练与快速力量训练

在短跑的力量训练中目前更多采用快速力量训练法,对最大力量训练法,由于存在认识上的差异,训练中选用较少。最大力量训练法是发展绝对力量和提高肌肉协调力最直接有效的方法。对短跑运动员来说合理运用最大力量训练法,在发展最大力量基础上进而发展快速力量和肌肉协调性,对提高短跑能力和运动成绩是一种经济实用的方法。     

关于膝损伤患者伸、屈肌群力矩值及修正值的研究

利用Kin-Com等速测力仪对108名膝关节损伤的男性患者健、患膝关节伸、屈肌群向心性收缩的平均力矩、峰力矩及单位体重下的修正值进行比较研究。实验表明,受伤膝关节的伸肌群与正常膝关节相比在平均力矩和峰力矩方面均有明显下降;而屈肌群的下降并不明显。伸肌群产生最大量的角度大约在60度左右,屈肌群产生最大力量的角度大约为20度左右。患者正常侧膝关节H／Q平均值在80％左右,伤侧H／Q平均值高达90％以上。实验所得平均力矩修正值和峰力矩修正值相对于一般人群膝关节损伤患者具有重要的参考价值。受伤膝关节伸肌群的平均力矩和峰力矩,与对侧正常膝关节相比,低于10％以上,可以作为膝关节损伤诊断和康复评定的有意义指标之一。