Body composition of female road and track endurance cyclists: Normative values and typical changes

The aims of this study were to describe normative values and seasonal variation of body composition in female cyclists comparing female road and track endurance cyclists, and to validate the use of anthropometry to monitor lean mass changes. Anthropometric profiles (seven site skinfolds) were measured over 16 years from 126 female cyclists. Lean mass index (LMI) was calculated as body weight?×?skinfolds^?x. The exponent (x) was calculated as the slope of the natural logarithm of body weight and skinfolds. Percentage changes in LMI were compared to lean mass changes measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subset of 25 road cyclists. Compared to sub-elite and elite cyclists, world class cyclists were (mean [95% CI]) 1.18?kg [0.46, 1.90] and 0.60?kg [0.05, 1.15] lighter and had skinfolds that were 7.4?mm [3.8, 11.0] and 4.6?mm [1.8, 7.4] lower, respectively. Body weight (0.41?kg [0.04, 0.77]) and skinfolds (4.0?mm [2.1, 6.0]) were higher in the off-season compared to the early-season. World class female road cyclists had lower body weight (6.04?kg [2.73, 9.35]) and skinfolds (11.5?mm [1.1, 21.9]) than track endurance cyclists. LMI (mean exponent 0.15 [0.13, 0.18]) explained 87% of the variance in DXA lean mass. In conclusion, higher performing female cyclists were lighter and leaner than their less successful peers, road cyclists were lighter and leaner than track endurance cyclists, and weight and skinfolds were lowest early in the season. LMI appears to be a reasonably valid tool for monitoring lean mass changes.     

Lower limb alignment characteristics are not associated with running injuries in runners: Prospective cohort study

There is conflicting evidence on the association between lower limb alignment characteristics and the incidence of running-related injury (RRI). Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the association between lower limb alignment characteristics and the incidence proportion of RRI in a convenience sample of recreational runners. A total of 89 recreational runners were included in this prospective cohort study. These participants had been running for at least six months and were injury-free at baseline. Lower limb alignment measurements were conducted in order to calculate lower limb discrepancy, Q-angle, subtalar angle and plantar index. All participants also answered a baseline and biweekly online surveys about their running routine, history of RRI and newly developed RRI over a period of 12 weeks. The prevalence of previous RRI and the 12-week incidence proportion of new RRI were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between lower limb length discrepancy, Q-angle, subtalar angle and plantar ach index with the incidence proportion of RRI. The prevalence of previous RRI was 55.1% (n?=?49). The 12-week incidence proportion of new RRI was 27.0% (n?=?24). Muscle injuries and tendinopathies were the main types of RRI identified. The lower leg and the knee were the main anatomical regions affected. We did not find significant associations between lower limb length discrepancy, Q-angle, subtalar angle and plantar arch index and injury occurrence.     

电磁力测量试验台的设计

从试验台的结构特点和工作流程入手,介绍了其液压系统的工作原理及特点。实践证明:该系统设计合理、工作可靠、调节控制灵活方便。     

杨氏模量实验的设计

测金属丝杨氏模量的实验,都是围绕如何测准金属丝在外力作用下的伸长量而设计的,传统的方法是利用光杠杆去测量。由于读数显微镜的分度值为,并可读到毫米的第三位,因此可利用读数显微镜去测量金属丝在外力作用下的伸长量,这样在操作上较传统的方法更为方便,同时也提高了测量结果的可靠程度。     

用于超微弱发光研究的多通道光谱系统设计

光子计数成像采集系统是生物超微弱发光的光子计数研究的基本工具，通过自行设计的多通道光谱系统，扩展了现行的PIAS的测量功能，使之能对超微弱发光进行光谱测量，这在国内外均不多见．本对PIAS的工作原理和自行设计的多通道光谱系统都进行了说明，并给出了超微弱发光光子计数和光谱的测量结果．     

Structural Reliability of Broadside of a Bulk Carrier

The ultimate bending moment and maximal shear stress of a bulk carrier with two structural forms （single hull and double hull/ are calculated separately by using the combined moment which is determined by stochastic process. Then the assessment of reliability is carried out. The results indicate that by introducing the double-hull structure, the shear stress of side can be decreased to half of that of the primary structure（ 50.7% i. but the effect on longitudinal strength is not obvious. Finally, the effects of different double-side skin widths on ultimate bending moment and the maximal shear stress are investigated, followed by proposals of the selection of the double-side skin width.     

运用SPSS10.0软件进行教育统计分析可靠性的初步研究

本文简要介绍了在教育科学研究中应用独立样本对总体平均数的差异显著性检验的方法,主要从人工计算和SPSS统计软件两方面对样本的显著性检验的方法进行了比较,从一个侧面探讨了SPSS10.0软件应用于教育科研的可靠性。     

钻孔中煤层气压力测定结果的实用意义

通过对钻孔煤层气压力测试机理分析，肯定了该方法在煤层气开发评价工作中应用的可能性，并强调了测试中应注意的几个问题。举例分析了测试成果的应用效果。     

基于激光光斑检测的数码相机测距技术

提出了一种基于激光光斑检测的数码相机测距方法,在数码相机上加装一个激光器,使激光光束与相机镜头的光轴平行,对拍摄到的数码相片中的激光光斑进行检测,再根据透镜成像的物像关系实现距离的测量.研究了利用LoG滤波器对激光光斑进行增强的方法,实现了背景灰度值大于光斑灰度值情况下的光斑分割,从而实现激光光斑的位置检测.并进行了实验研究,实验结果表明,采用本文提出的方法实现对物体距离的测量是可行的.