17周大强度递增负荷运动对雌性大鼠血清BGP、TNF-α的影响研究

目的通过17周大强度递增负荷运动训练,实现雌性大鼠动情周期渐进性抑制,研究大强度递增负荷运动对雌性大鼠骨代谢生化标志物BGP、TNF-α值的影响。方法以200只3月龄雌性SD大鼠为实验对象。分为对照组（N=100）和运动组（N=100）,构建SD雌性大鼠动情周期抑制模型。随机选取训练4、9、13、15、17周运动组和同期对照组大鼠,用酶联免疫吸附法检测各组大鼠血清BGP、TNF-α值。结果17周大强度递增负荷运动对大鼠血清BGP、TNF-α值变化趋势有影响,但运动组与对照组间比较无统计学意义。     

不平衡发展与生态危机——詹姆斯·奥康纳对资本主义全球化的生态学批判

奥康纳创造性地运用马克思的不平衡发展理论,揭示了全球化时代世界生态危机的成因,并在此基础上指出要消除这一危机必须建构国际性的绿色运动。     

骨骼肌能量代谢与运动

文章收集近十年来的有关研究成果,结合基本理论,对磷酸原、糖酵解、有氧氧化三大供能系统的供能特点,糖、脂肪和蛋白质在不同强度运动中的地位和作用特点,以及它们在运动中相互关系作一粗略综述;同时还对外源性补充肌酸(Cr)、糖等营养物质,对运动能力的提高作用进行了讨论,以期为今后改善供能系统的供能效率,提高运动成绩提供参考。     

个体化康复运动对“城中村”老年T2DM患者的干预

对＂城中村＂老年患者4个月康复运动前后的相关指标作对比分析,观察个体化康复运动对＂城中村＂老年T2DM患者的糖、脂代谢系统的干预效果,在＂城中村＂这一特殊群体中普及运动防治代谢性疾病的健身意识,促进城市化的发展。选用正规医院确诊为T2DM患者为研究对象,进行4个月个体化康复运动。运动后受试者体质状况和糖、脂质代谢指标显著改善。有氧运动作为人们经济有效控制健身手段,长期坚持对T2DM患者的糖、脂代谢及身体成分都有积极的改善。尤其对于＂城中村＂老年T2DM患者,坚持长时间规律的运动有助于改善血脂质代谢,提高身体健康和生活质量,减轻患者和社会的负担,可作为T2DM患者治疗的有效手段进行推广使用。     

Differences in Resting Metabolic Rate between BodyMetrix™ and Indirect Calorimetry in South African Adults

Accurate assessment of resting metabolic rate (RMR) is necessary for calorie-based recommendations in diet and exercise training interventions. BodyMetrix? is an ultrasound-based device that provides an estimate of RMR based on body composition, but has not been proven valid or reliable. Therefore, we evaluated the agreement between Katch–McArdle prediction equation used by BodyMetrix?, with indirect calorimetry, Harris–Benedict, WHO, and Sabounchi prediction equations of RMR. In total, 32 men and 22 women were measured for body composition via BodyMetrix? and RMR via indirect calorimetry. All prediction equations demonstrated significantly lower RMR values (p < .001) relative to indirect calorimetry. Katch–McArdle equation strongly correlated with other prediction equations (p < .001), and had a moderate (r = .658, p < .001) correlation with indirect calorimetry. There was a tendency toward underestimation for obese individuals. Therefore, we suggest that estimates from BodyMetrix? may be used as a relative, rather than an absolute measure of RMR.     

运动干预对肥胖代谢综合征青少年脑功能的影响

目的：观察多模态综合干预对肥胖代谢综合征青少年脑功能的影响。方法：选择49名非代谢综合征肥胖青少年为对照组,49名肥胖代谢综合征青少年为实验组,对实验组实施多模态综合干预,干预后进行内分泌、1H-MRS以及神经心理学等评估。结果：实验组学业成绩（数学和拼写）显著低于对照组,注意力持续时间和心理灵活性也显著较低,总体智力水平较低,且代谢综合征组分集聚数目越多,认知功能越低;双侧海马体积及双侧海马NAA、Cho均显著较低,特别是右侧海马NAA浓度、右侧海马NAA/Cr、左侧海马Cho/Cr显著低于对照组。多模态综合干预后,实验组学业成绩、注意和心理灵活性得分显著提高;双侧海马NAA、Cho浓度、双侧海马NAA/Cr、左侧海马Cho/Cr显著升高。结论：肥胖代谢综合征青少年认知功能及大脑海马体细胞健康相关分子水平较低;多模态综合干预对于促进肥胖代谢综合征青少年认知功能的改善具有重要的实践价值;其改善功能可能是通过提高海马代谢水平及降低代谢综合征的风险因素来实现的。     

Comparing the standards of one metabolic equivalent of task in accurately estimating physical activity energy expenditure based on acceleration

The purpose of the study is to analyse how the standard of resting metabolic rate (RMR) affects estimation of the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) using an accelerometer. In order to investigate the effect on estimation according to intensity of activity, comparisons were conducted between the 3.5 ml O₂ · kg^?1 · min^?1 and individually measured resting VO₂ as the standard of 1 MET. MET was estimated by linear regression equations that were derived through five-fold cross-validation using 2 types of MET values and accelerations; the accuracy of estimation was analysed through cross-validation, Bland and Altman plot, and one-way ANOVA test. There were no significant differences in the RMS error after cross-validation. However, the individual RMR-based estimations had as many as 0.5 METs of mean difference in modified Bland and Altman plots than RMR of 3.5 ml O₂ · kg^?1 · min^?1. Finally, the results of an ANOVA test indicated that the individual RMR-based estimations had less significant differences between the reference and estimated values at each intensity of activity. In conclusion, the RMR standard is a factor that affects accurate estimation of METs by acceleration; therefore, RMR requires individual specification when it is used for estimation of METs using an accelerometer.     

脂代谢紊乱与糖尿病及运动的干预作用

脂代谢紊乱是糖尿病极常见的一种代谢紊乱,与糖尿病的发生、发展有着密切的联系,而且两者互为因果。本文就脂代谢紊乱对糖尿病及其并发症的影响以及运动疗法对糖尿病的良性干预作用进行了综述。     

Heart rate recovery after aerobic and anaerobic tests: is there an influence of anaerobic speed reserve?

The present study assessed if differences in the metabolic profile, inferred from the anaerobic speed reserve (ASR), would influence the dynamics of heart rate recovery (HRR) after two modes of exercise. Thirty-nine physical education students (14 females and 25 males) volunteered for this study. Participants carried out three separate testing sessions to assess maximal sprinting speed (MSS, 1st session), repeated sprint ability (RSA, 2nd session) and maximal aerobic speed (MAS) using the Université of Montreal Track Test (UMTT, 3rd session). ASR was defined as the difference between MSS and MAS. Heart rate was continuously registered throughout the tests and during the 5-min post-test recovery. To evaluate the influence of ASR on post-exercise, HRR comparisons between ASR-based groups [high ASR vs. low ASR] and sex groups (males vs. females) were performed. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between high ASR and low ASR groups of the same sex for indices of relative HRR after the RSA and UMTT. In addition, after the RSA test, males from the high ASR group had a significantly slower HRR kinetics compared with the males of the low ASR (P < 0.05) and the females of high ASR (P < 0.05); whereas females of the high ASR groups had a faster HRR kinetics compared with the females of low ASR group (P < 0.05). Our results showed that in males, post-exercise HRR could be related to the ASR, whereas in females, the influence of ASR is less clear.     

PBL在内科学内分泌及代谢疾病教学中的应用

以问题为基础,以学生为中心的PBL（Problem-based learning,问题教学法）教学模式给教学双方都带来新的挑战。本文总结PBL教学方法在内科学内分泌及代谢疾病教学中的应用。PBL教学可针对不同的教学目的设计问题、在课堂的不同时段提问、采用不同的提问方式,激发学生的探究心理,促使学生的自主学习与互动学习相结合,有助于培养高素质的医学生。