白俄罗斯皮划艇协会与国际皮划艇联合会体育仲裁案例评述

通过对2016年白俄罗斯皮划艇协会与国际皮划艇联合会体育仲裁案例的分析,得出研究结论：禁用药物超长的代谢时间不能成为反兴奋剂规则具有溯及力的理由;虽然《世界反兴奋剂条例》第11条的规定因为存在"集体项目"这一前提而没有违反个人责任原则,但该条第12条由于规定得过于简单仍然违反了该原则;国家司法机关刑事诉讼程序中发现的兴奋剂药物证据,在刑事诉讼程序终止而证据未经质证的情况下,不能直接作为兴奋剂违规行为的认定证据。     

Effect of contact and no-contact small-sided games on elite handball players

This study aimed to investigate the effect of contact (C-SSG) and no-contact (NC-SSG) handball small-sided games (SSGs) on motion patterns and physiological responses of elite handball players. Twelve male handball players performed 10 C-SSG and 10 NC-SSG while being monitored through the heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) as physiological responses and time-motion activities profile using video-match analysis. Both game conditions resulted in similar HR responses (P > 0.05), but the NC-SSG led to a higher RPE scores. The time-motion activity analysis featured NC-SSG with a greater amount of walking (855.6 ± 25.1 vs. 690.6 ± 35.2 m) and backward movements (187.5 ± 12.3 vs. 142.5 ± 8.7 m) combined with fast running (232.3 ± 8.5 vs. 159.7 ± 5.7 m) and sprinting (79.5 ± 4.7 vs. 39.7 ± 3.7 m) activities (P < 0.001). Conversely, C-SSG had a higher percentage of jogging and sideway movements associated with greater frequency of jumping (0.87 ± 0.09 vs. 0.31 ± 0.06 nr) and physical contact (1.82 ± 0.55 vs. 0.25 ± 0.03 nr) events (P < 0.001). No between-regimen differences were found for the number of throws (P = 0.745). In addition, the RPE was significantly correlated with fast running relative distances (r = 0.909, P < 0.001) and sprinting relative distances (r = 0.939, P < 0.001). In conclusion, this investigation showed that both C-SSG and NC-SSG in team handball can effectively represent specifically oriented exercises, according to the sport-task and the performance demands.     

面向生物合成的代谢工程策略设计

代谢工程研究的主要目的是通过改造菌株代谢网络,高效地合成目的产品。由于细胞代谢网络的复杂性,从数千个代谢反应及其调控回路中找到合适的改造靶点非常困难,往往要经过反复试差才能成功。通过对大规模代谢网络的计算分析,设计出特定生物产品的最优合成途径,可以帮助人们找出合适的代谢工程改造策略,减少改造过程的盲目性,更快更好地得到生物合成菌株。文章重点讨论两个问题:(1)如何设计代谢网络来合成原来不能合成的产品并提高产品得率,介绍了基于代谢网络计算分析的代谢工程设计方法;(2)如何设计菌株实现酶反应的精准调控,介绍了通过设计基因回路动态调控代谢途径流向的动态代谢工程研究新进展。     

江苏省高技术产业人才需求预测研究——基于改进的新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型

利用改进的新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型,借助MATLAB对江苏省高技术产业2016—2020年的人才总量进行灰色预测,并与通过模型预测出的广东、浙江省的高技术产业的人才总量进行对比。建模结果表明,改进的新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型的预测精度比常规模型提高了将近50%,也比新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型和背景值优化模型精度高。预测结果表明,"十三五"末江苏省高技术产业人才总量约为2 549 424人,位于广东之后;人才年均增速约为0.5%,位于浙江、广东之后。     

Effect of skill level on cardiorespiratory and metabolic responses during Tai Chi training

Abstract

Nowadays, Tai chi chuan (TCC) is practiced by millions worldwide with a range of skill levels. However, the effect of skill level on physiological response to TCC performance has yet to be clarified. In this study, physiological parameters during practicing simplified 24-form TCC were investigated and compared in 10 young high-level (HL) male TCC athletes and 10 ordinary-level (OL) male TCC practitioners with similar age and body size. Significantly higher energy expenditure, heart rate, oxygen uptake and tidal volume were found in HL group than OL group during TCC performance. The respiratory frequency and exhalation time were similar between the two groups during practicing TC; however, significantly less inhalation time was found in HL group (1.02±0.2 s) than OL group (1.12±0.28 s). Our results suggested that skill level may have considerable impact on metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses to TCC performance. TCC practitioners with different skill levels may practice TCC in different ways, which was supposed to lead to distinguishable response between the two groups.     

Neuromuscular,metabolic and hormonal profiles of young tennis players and untrained boys

This study compared the neuromuscular, metabolic and hormonal profiles of trained prepubescent tennis players and an untrained group. The boys in the experimental group (n = 9; mean age ± S.D. = 11.4 ± 0.5 years) had participated in tennis training for 2.3 ± 1.0 years and the boys in the control group (n = 9; mean age ± S.D. = 10.9 ± 0.4 years) were normal active volunteers. The tennis players were found to be physically more active than the controls when the comparison was made for either 1 year (4.9 ± 1.8 vs 2.6 ± 2.5 times per week; P<0.05) or for 1 week (3.4 + 1.2 vs 0.4 ± 0.5 times; P < 0.001) preceding the tests. Choice reaction time was significantly (P <0.01) shorter in the experimental group (258 ± 16 ms) than in the control group (344 + 81 ms). Dropping height in the best drop jump was significantly (P< 0.05) higher in the tennis players (0.46 + 0.19 m) than in the control boys (0.27 ± 0.10 m). The tennis players had significantly lower oxygen consumption at the ‘anaerobic threshold’ than the controls (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in serum hormone levels. The small differences that existed may have been caused by actice participation in sport by the tennis players.     

The effect of an intermittent,high-intensity warm-up on supramaximal kayak ergometer performance

It has previously been shown that the metabolic acidaemia induced by a continuous warm-up at the 'lactate threshold' is associated with a reduced accumulated oxygen deficit and decreased supramaximal performance. The aim of this study was to determine if an intermittent, high-intensity warm-up could increase oxygen uptake (V02) without reducing the accumulated oxygen deficit, and thus improve supramaximal performance. Seven male 500 m kayak paddlers, who had represented their state, volunteered for this study. Each performed a graded exercise test to determine V02max and threshold parameters. On subsequent days and in a random, counterbalanced order, the participants then performed a continuous or intermittent, high-intensity warm-up followed by a 2 min, all-out kayak ergometer test. The continuous warm-up consisted of 15 min of exercise at approximately 65% V02max. The intermittent, high-intensity warm-up was similar, except that the last 5 min was replaced with five 10 s sprints at 200% V02max, separated by 50 s of recovery at ~55% V02max. Significantly greater (P<0.05) peak power (intermittent vs continuous: 629 ± 199 vs 601 ± 204W) and average power (intermittent vs continuous: 328±39.0 vs 321 ±42.4 W) were recorded after the intermittent warm-up. There was no significant difference between conditions for peak V02, total V02 or the accumulated oxygen deficit. The results of this study indicate that 2 min all-out kayak ergometer performance is significantly better after an intermittent rather than a continuous warm-up.     

深红红螺菌固氮酶调控机理验证实验设计及实践

从科学研究中汲取教学素材,根据实际情况优化条件,设计出一项适合微生物生理学教学的新实验,验证了光照和铵对深红红螺菌固氮酶合成和活性的调控。实验让学生认识了红螺菌代谢灵活性、营养及环境条件对其生长的影响,加深了解固氮酶的底物多样性、固氮酶的氧敏感性和固氮酶的调控机理;实验不仅有效激发了学生学习的兴趣,培养了严谨、认真的科研作风,还提高了分析问题、解决问题的能力。实践证明,科研成果转化为教学实验是提高教学水平、培养创新型人才的重要举措。     

地方高校教师代谢综合征的慢性运动改善研究——以武夷学院教师为例

采用教师年度体检报告作为基本资料,运用数理统计方法对武夷学院教师代谢综合征确诊（IDF定义）情况进行分析,结果显示：讲师职称以上教师的代谢综合征确诊患者比率为16.6%（X2=15.2,P〈0.01）,表现为确诊率随年龄的增大而递增的特征。研究认为＂健身走＂、＂慢跑步＂作为主要运动锻炼方式,对代谢综合征具有预防与改善作用（X2=7.14,P〈0.01）,但存在需提升运动量问题。建议：体检是高校教师了解个人健康状况、早期发现疾病线索和健康隐患的重要渠道。由于教师对体检结论重视不够,导致错过运动预防、改善或治疗代谢综合征的有利时机。应在教师中进行健康教育和慢性运动处方相关知识的辅导,培养坚持运动锻炼的良好习惯。     

植物抗病的物质代谢基础

植物在其与痛原物相互关系长期进化过程中,通过各种代谢途径在体内可以形成各种抵抗病原物有关的物质。这包括植物凝集素、富含羟脯氨酸的糖蛋白、胼胝质、类黄酮和萜类植保素、过氧化物酶、几丁质酶(chitinease)和1,3-β-葡聚糖酶、病程相关蛋白和水杨酸等等。寄主植物细胞壁在感染病原菌后的木质化作用-木质素含量的增加是寄主植物抗性反应的一种特性,为阻止病原菌的进一步侵染提供保护圈。苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL),肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(CA4H)和4-香豆酸-CoA联结酶(4CL)是苯丙烷代谢途径的关键酶。这三个酶的活性在植物体内的变化与植物的抗病性存在一定的联系。水杨酸的Mr小,适宜于植物韧皮部中的长距离传输,被认为是植物诱导抗性的信号分子。