Elementary school children’s understanding of science: The implementation of an extracurricular science intervention

The promotion of students’ achievement and competence in the so-called STEM disciplines is one cornerstone of current educational research and practice. In particular, as early as elementary school, the fostering of an adequate understanding of science is a normative goal of science education. It facilitates students’ science learning and enables them to understand the nature and development of scientific knowledge. Based on the relevance of the promotion of young children’s understanding of science, a corresponding science intervention was recently developed and successfully evaluated in a first study under highly controlled conditions. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of this intervention when implemented in practice. One hundred seventeen third- and fourth-grade students and 10 trained course instructors participated in this study. We applied a randomized block design with waitlist control groups and repeated measures. The results revealed that children assigned to the intervention compared with children assigned to the waitlist control group showed better inquiry-related methodological competencies (a better understanding of the scientific inquiry cycle and experimentation strategies) and a higher need for cognition. The findings point to the successful implementation of the intervention and are compared with the results of the first study.     

云南澜沧拉祜族地区妇女受教育状况与发展

云南澜沧拉祜族地区在1932年时识字妇女仅有46人，1949年后教育事业发展较快。但是受澜沧县经济、政治和传统价值观念等多种因素的影响，女性受教育水平与男性相比仍有较大差距。女性受教育程度是小康社会建设目标实现与否的关键，因而女性受教育程度已成为制约澜沧县社会经济发展的重要因素之一。     

降低未成年人刑事责任年龄问题的反思

近年来,未成年人刑事犯罪案件时有发生,针对是否降低未成年人刑事责任年龄问题,一直是学界讨论的热点话题。针对这一问题,学界形成的学说主要有降低论、不变论和弹性论,但各个理论都有自己的侧重点,如降低论学说侧重于扩大刑罚的打击范围;不变论则侧重于犯罪的社会预防;弹性论侧重于赋予法官的裁量权去防范该类犯罪。但从刑法的正当性依据、社会责任及我国法律体系一致性的需要角度来看,目前我国仍应保持当前刑事责任年龄不变。     

从《永别了,武器》试析海明威心目中的理想女性

在《永别了,武器》一书中,海明威以极为欣赏的笔调描写了女主人公对所爱男性的依附和牺牲,反映了海明威心目中的理想女性形象,也从一个侧面反映了他的父权观念。     

“君子行礼，不求变俗”——析先秦时期冠礼的“特例”

《仪礼.士冠礼》详细、系统地记载了冠礼正礼的仪节。但是,冠礼仪式在正礼之外,还有一些特殊情形,主要有:用醮、庶子冠礼、孤子冠礼、是否用乐、冠者母不在、将冠而遇丧事、天子诸侯加冠,等等,反映了当时的礼制具有一定的弹性和地域差异、身份差异,而不是整齐划一的。     

中国画款识的几种特殊记时法

中国画时间记载的方法呈多样化,一些特殊的记时方法流传不广而少为人知。作为一个现代美术工作者,对这些特殊记时法的来源、应用方法及效果加以探讨与认识,可以对这些特殊记时法有一个全面的了解,在实践中更好地灵活应用。     

Relative age and birthplace effect in Japanese professional sports: a quantitative evaluation using a Bayesian hierarchical Poisson model

Relative age effect (RAE) in sports has been well documented. Recent studies investigate the effect of birthplace in addition to the RAE. The first objective of this study was to show the magnitude of the RAE in two major professional sports in Japan, baseball and soccer. Second, we examined the birthplace effect and compared its magnitude with that of the RAE. The effect sizes were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical Poisson model with the number of players as dependent variable. The RAEs were 9.0% and 7.7% per month for soccer and baseball, respectively. These estimates imply that children born in the first month of a school year have about three times greater chance of becoming a professional player than those born in the last month of the year. Over half of the difference in likelihoods of becoming a professional player between birthplaces was accounted for by weather conditions, with the likelihood decreasing by 1% per snow day. An effect of population size was not detected in the data. By investigating different samples, we demonstrated that using quarterly data leads to underestimation and that the age range of sampled athletes should be set carefully.     

‘What on Earth are They Doing in a Racing Car?’: Towards an Understanding of Women in Motorsport

Abstract

Motorsport is an under-researched area of socio-historical study. There is particularly limited academic understanding of female involvement in the social world of motorsports. Therefore, this paper focuses on the role of the media in presenting and establishing motorsport for women. In particular, a documentary analysis of articles published by a UK national newspaper group from 1890, and a case study of an all-female UK-based motor-racing championship are used to account for gendered processes that have influenced attitudes and behaviours towards women motor racers. The motor car emerged through technological progress in an overtly masculine-dominated industrial period. Traditional assumptions and biologically deterministic attitudes towards women were used by men to position motoring and motor-racing as a male preserve. Newspaper reporting throughout the 1930s suggests an era of heightened success for women motor racers as a result of gaining access to a key resource in the form of Brooklands motor-racing circuit. Following the Second World War, there was increasing commercialization and professionalization of male-dominated motorsport, as well as renewed marginalization and trivialization of female participants within the newspapers. These processes continue to influence perceptions of women in contemporary motorsport.     

信息时代下的翻译教学

信息时代的来临和大众阅读需求、阅读习惯的改变，使我们需要重新认识翻译的定义，翻译应体现时代性，适应时代的发展变化。而信息时代的翻译教学，除了要提高教师的教育技能，还要重视学生现代翻译理念的培养和现代翻译技能的掌握。     

论现代新儒学的产生

现代新儒学的产生有着多层面的复杂原因：中国传统文化的危机构成中国近现代新儒学的事实前提和逻辑原点，而西方近代文化的危机则是新儒学产生的个别性和直接性根源；现代新儒学的产生也离不开它的“宿敌”——文化激进主义的刺激；现代新儒学作为文化保守主义的一员还与中国近现代的其他文化保守主义有着理论上的渊源关系。