NX运动仿真在“机械设计基础”课件制作中的应用

介绍"机械设计基础"课程中,使用NX高端集成软件建立机构模型,并使用仿真模块模拟机构、分析机构的运动,作为课件在课堂演示的一些经验方法。同时校验机构任意位置点的运动参数供教师参考。     

心理控制源与缺陷感对大学生孤独感的影响

目的：探讨心理控制源与缺陷感对大学生孤独感的影响,并分析缺陷感在心理控制源与孤独感之间的中介作用。方法：采用UCLA孤独量表、缺陷感量表和IPC量表对427名大学生进行问卷调查。结果：一是孤独感总分显著高于常模（t=9．86,P〈0．01）;缺陷感总分显著高于前人研究结果（t=10．33,P〈0．01）;内控性显著低于常模（t=-18．40,P〈0．01）,机遇显著高于常模（t=4．09,P〈0．01）。二是对于男大学生,自尊、社交自信和体能能反方向显著预测孤独感（β=-0．29、-0．29和-0．23,P〈0．05）;对于女大学生,自尊、社交自信能反方向显著预测孤独感（β=-0．29和-0．38．P〈0．01）。三是缺陷感在内控性预测孤独感中,起部分中介作用,中介效应占总效应的比率为47％;而缺陷感在两种外控源（机遇、势力他人）预测孤独感中起完全中介效应。结论：心理控制源和缺陷感对孤独感都有显著预测作用,缺陷感在心理控制源预测孤独感之间起中介作用。     

知识元的本质、结构与运动机制研究

[目的/意义]关于知识元的基本理论问题研究是开展知识组织、知识检索、知识发现等知识管理活动的基础。[方法/过程]首先界定了知识元内涵的理论边界,确定了研究的逻辑起点。通过考察知识和人类思维的映射关系,阐明了知识元的本质属性。依据知识元承载的内容语义依存关系,抽象出了知识元的内部结构及其特征。最后演绎推论出知识元的运动机制。[结果/结论]通过对知识元基本理论问题的梳理和研究,进一步明晰了知识元的内涵、本质属性、结构和运动机制,为以知识元为基础的知识组织与服务实践提供了坚实的理论基础。     

中国足球超级联赛U23新政何以有效?——基于“足协-俱乐部”的博弈

中超联赛自2017赛季推出U23新政以来备受争议。在"上有政策下有对策"的非合作博弈下,U23新政如何才能实现政策初衷?该文首次采用不完全信息静态博弈模型分析了U23新政下足协与俱乐部的博弈均衡。研究表明：（1）足协推行新政的最优概率为俱乐部采取积极策略给足协带来的净收益与消极策略带来的净收益之比,实质上取决于俱乐部的遵从度。（2）在缺乏讨价还价权时,俱乐部对新政采取消极应对策略是为了减少净损失。俱乐部积极应对的最优概率为消极应对的净损失占其与积极应对的加成即期收益损失之和的比值,实为两害相权取其轻。为激励俱乐部采取积极策略,应降低俱乐部消极应对策略的净收益或积极应对策略的加成即期收益。（3）提高U23新政有效性的治标之策是减少U23政策对中下游球队的冲击,实行有差别的U23政策;对U23球员上场时间低于均值的俱乐部,实行等额或超额递减分成机制。治本之策是培育一个可预期、可持续、可盈利的足球市场,俱乐部能够内生出建立百年基业的长效机制;继续深化足协的去行政化改革,使之向完全社团法人转型。     

Examining the influence of grip type on wrist and club head kinematics during the golf swing: Benefits of a local co-ordinate system

Wrist movements have been identified as an important factor in producing a successful golf swing, with their complex motion influencing both club head velocity and orientation. However, a detailed analysis of wrist angles is lacking in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine kinematics across wrists and club head characteristics during the golf swing under weak, neutral and strong grip conditions. Twelve professional male golfers executed 24 shots using a driver under three grip conditions. A six degrees of freedom analysis of the hand with respect to the distal forearm was performed using a 10-camera three-dimensional motion capture system. Differences in joint angles were explored using repeated measures ANOVAs at key swing events (onset, top of backswing and impact), in addition club head velocity and clubface angle at impact were also explored. Main findings revealed significant differences in flexion/extension and internal/external rotation for both wrists at all swing events, whereas fewer significant interactions were found in ulnar/radial deviation across grips for both wrists at all events. Clubface angle only differed significantly between the weak and the strong and neural grips, presenting a more ‘open’ clubface to the intended hitting direction. This study is the first to explore tri-planar wrist movement and the effect of different grips, such analysis has implications for coaching knowledge and practice and should inform future research into different aspects of skill, technique analysis and may inform injury mechanisms/prevention.     

基于微分方程系统的混沌控制

针对微分方程所表征的系统,对其状态方程进行了平衡点的稳定性分析。数值模拟了该系统的混沌行为,并对该系统加入棒棒控制方法进行控制。利用数值仿真分析系统的周期行为和混沌行为。通过调整适当的控制参数,将系统的混沌行为有效地控制到稳定的周期轨道。     

自由偶极子运动规律研究

讨论了由正负离子实组成的自由偶极子的相互作用能,分析了仅在该作用下偶极子的运动,求解其运动方程,得出自由偶极子的运动为匀速直线运动和简谐振动的叠加,其质心作匀速直线运动,在质心系中,两离子分别在其平衡位置附近作简谐振动.     

基于多普勒频谱图的力量项目运动员左室舒张期室壁运动研究

通过测定和比较正常人和力量项目运动员在静息和逐级递增负荷运动时,室壁多普勒频谱图上E波和A波峰值速度,研究左室后壁主动松弛和被动充盈功能的变化。结果表明：在静息状态,力量项目组房缩期心房收缩对于左室舒张充盈的贡献小于正常组;在逐级递增负荷中,力量项目组心脏舒张功能的动员表现为同时动用主动舒张储备和左房收缩储备,显示出心脏主动舒张的能力强,左房收缩储备大。     

第21届冬奥会女子自由式滑雪空中技巧参赛技术动作展望

为备战2010年冬奥会,通过文献资料法和数理统计法对第17～20届冬奥会中自由式滑雪空中技巧女子决赛技术动作进行比较与分析。结果表明,获取奖牌需要掌握主流难度系数的动作组合,获取金牌需要掌握最高难度系数的动作组合,动作完成质量应达到90%以上。指出第21届冬奥会女子决赛动作组合难度系数均数还将上升,波动范围降低,为冬奥会备战工作提供参考。     

Kinematic analysis of hip and knee rotation and other contributors to ballet turnout

Turnout, or external rotation (ER) of the lower extremities, is essential in ballet. The purpose of this study was to utilise physical examination and a biomechanical method for obtaining functional kinematic data using hip and knee joint centres to identify the relative turnout contributions from hip rotation, femoral anteversion, knee rotation, tibial torsion, and other sources. Ten female dancers received a lower extremity alignment assessment, including passive hip rotation, femoral anteversion, tibial torsion, weightbearing foot alignment, and Beighton hypermobility score. Next, turnout was assessed using plantar pressure plots and three-dimensional motion analysis; participants performed turnout to ballet first position on both a plantar pressure mat and friction-reducing discs. A retro-reflective functional marker motion capture system mapped the lower extremities and hip and knee joint centres. Mean total turnout was 129±15.7° via plantar pressure plots and 135±17.8° via kinematics. Bilateral hip ER during turnout was 49±10.2° (36% of total turnout). Bilateral knee ER during turnout was 41±5.9° (32% of total turnout). Hip ER contribution to total turnout measured kinematically was less than expected compared to other studies, where hip ER was determined without functional kinematic data. Knee ER contributed substantially more turnout than expected or previously reported. This analysis method allows precise assessment of turnout contributors.