面向全民抗疫记忆构建的疫情防控档案专题数据库建设研究

新冠肺炎肆虐,疫情期间形成了丰富的档案资料,疫情防控档案分散和类型多元化等特点显著,疫情防控档案的整合对于助力应急管理、助力医疗一线和稳定公众情绪等方面具有重要意义。基于此,文章梳理了疫情防控档案专题数据库建设目的与思路,探讨了数据库规划与设计、系统架构等内容。疫情防控档案专题数据库的建立,可为今后疫情预防与防治工作奠定基础,在应对重大突发公共卫生事件时发挥借鉴与参考作用。     

大学生涉跑猝死事件的体医融合防卫机制研究

近年来,大学生身体素质不佳,已成为"老大难",也是刻不容缓需要解决的问题,多地曾出现在体测、运动会、马拉松中晕倒甚至猝死事件,这给学校体育工作的开展带来不小的考验。带着因涉跑引起猝死的疑问,通过猝死案例分析,探究高校大学生猝死的病理学的非运动成因。研究认为：涉跑猝死的主因是先天性生理疾病,运动不是引发猝死的主要诱因,并提出了预防运动猝死的"堵疏结合"的医学监控策略和体医融合防卫机制构建方法。建议通过入校时医学筛查、跑前医学检查、跑中医学观察、猝死现场急救、跑后跟踪复查降低猝死风险;建立宿舍、运动场地、运动项目的全覆盖的心脏复苏志愿队伍,实施"黄金8分钟"内的急救生存链;建立学生、学校、政府、社会四方体育运动分级分类保险制度,从风险转移和人道主义援助进行关怀;建立涉跑猝死、猝死、非正常死亡的数据库,开展非正常死亡人员的病理学研究;建立全生命周期医学监控和健康安全宣传教育,形成全方位、全过程、全人员的体医融合防卫机制。     

大学本科力学类课程的公式辅助记忆方法研究

力学课程作为工科专业的重要基础课程,有大量公式需要学生记忆和掌握,从而给学习带来了一定困难。文章作者从力学课程的特点出发,结合多年的教学实践经验,针对多门力学课程,总结出了多种辅助记忆公式的方法,并取得了良好的授课效果。     

Age and maturity related differences in motor coordination among male elite youth soccer players

This study investigated differences in generic and soccer specific motor coordination, as well as speed and agility depending on age and maturity in elite youth soccer players (U10-U15, N = 619). Measurements included body height, body weight and sitting height to estimate age at peak height velocity (APHV); three Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder subtests (i.e. jumping sideways (JS), moving sideways (MS), balancing backwards (BB)) to assess generic motor coordination; the UGent dribbling test for soccer specific motor coordination; a 5m/30m sprint and T-test for speed and agility, respectively. Age specific z-scores of the predicted APHV identified players as earlier, on time or later maturing. (M)ANOVA analyses showed significant age by maturity interaction effects for the speed and agility test cluster, revealing maturity related differences in U14 and U15 players. Next to an overall higher performance with age for all test clusters (η² 0.080–0.468), earlier maturing players outperformed their later maturing peers in 5m/30m sprinting. The opposite was seen for JS and BB. So, players’ maturity status should be taken into account to adequately value performance in talent identification. Also, the focus on characteristics that appear to be minimally biased by an earlier maturational timing (i.e. motor coordination) should be increased.     

Effects of audiovisual stimuli on psychological and psychophysiological responses during exercise in adults with obesity

The present experiment sought to further understanding of the effects of personalised audiovisual stimuli on psychological and psychophysiological responses during exercise in adults with obesity. Twenty-four participants (M_age = 28.3, SD = 5.5 years; M_BMI = 32.2, SD = 2.4) engaged in self-paced exercises on a recumbent cycle ergometer and three conditions (sensory stimulation [ST], sensory deprivation [DE], and control [CO]) were administered. Perceptual (attentional focus and perceived exertion), affective (affective state and perceived activation), and psychophysiological (heart rate variability) parameters were monitored throughout the exercise bouts. A one-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare self-reported and psychophysiological variables (main and interaction effects [5 Timepoints × 3 Conditions]). The results indicate that ST increased the use of dissociative thoughts throughout the exercise session (η_p² = .19), ameliorated fatigue-related symptoms (η_p² = .15) and elicited more positive affective responses (η_p² = .12) than CO and DE. Accordingly, personally-compiled videos are highly effective in ameliorating exertional responses and enhancing affective valence during self-paced exercise in adults with obesity. Audiovisual stimuli could be used during the most critical periods of the exercise regimen (e.g., first training sessions) when individuals with obesity are more likely to focus on fatigue-related sensations.     

机动车燃油质量及尾气排放与北京市大气污染的相关性

采用GC-MS等仪器分析手段对北京市各主要品牌的燃油进行质量分析,并建立以静稳天气下单位体积中的污染物日均变化为相对参照标准计算各污染物贡献率的新思路。首先研究机动车尾气各主要污染物（CO、HC、NO₂和SO₂）在单位体积的日均排放量,然后分别统计北京市两年（2013年11月-2015年10月）大气中各对应污染物实测的单位体积的日均变化量,再分别计算出汽车尾气对大气各污染物的贡献率。结果如下。1）北京市燃油普遍存在重金属含量超标,硫含量超标,不饱和芳烃含量超标,氮含量偏高（无国标制约）等问题。2）在供暖季,北京市汽车尾气排放的CO、NO₂和SO₂分别占总CO、NO₂和SO₂排放的30.1%、72.4%和6.6%;在非供暖季,汽车尾气排放的CO、NO₂和SO₂分别占总CO、NO₂和SO₂排放的53.3%、74.3%和20.3%;北京市汽车HC排放全年平均分担率约为67.8%。研究结果表明,燃油是北京市大气污染的主要原因。最后为北京市大气污染的有效治理提出具体的建议和措施。     

Culture without “world”: Australian cultural policy in the age of stupid

In March 2013, after six years of consultation, an Australian Labor government launched the national cultural policy document, Creative Australia. In July 2013, a Coalition government was elected, Senator George Brandis became Minister for the Arts, and the policy was dumped. With it went cross-party consensus about funding rationales and measurement strategies, with disastrous consequences for the cultural sector. This cautionary tale of gaffes, pay-back and abrupt changes of direction, highlights the fragility of policy memory that condemns artists and arts managers to a never-ending reinvention of the evidentiary wheel. Our paper examines the problem of collective understanding (“world”) in cultural policy-making in Australia, exacerbated not only by the short-term electoral cycles which undermine long-term cultural outcome timescales, but by a fixation on what Hannah Arendt calls “the peculiar and ingenious replacement of common sense with strict logicality”. Evidence of value is only meaningful when it occurs in a policy memory that can fully avow it and respond in appropriate ways. Measurement methods are over-determined by epistemology and by experience. We argue that the balance between these determinants of effective cultural policy-making has been lost. An emphasis on numerical data – especially economic data – has forced arguments for culture into a decontextualised register of quantitative proof. Recent events in Australia suggest that different, more direct ways of engaging with cultural policy-making are required for the problem of collective understanding to be successfully assayed.     

Effectiveness of physical education to promote motor competence in primary school children

Background: Motor skill (MS) competence is an important contributing factor for healthy development.

Purpose: The goal was to test the effectiveness of primary school physical education (PE) on MS and physical fitness (PF) development.

Methods: Three classes (n?=?60, aged 9.0?±?0.9) were randomly assigned to three diverse conditions during a school year: two PE lessons/week (PE-2), three PE lessons/week (PE-3), and no PE lessons control group (CG). BMI, skinfolds, PF (9-min run/walk, sit-up, modified pull-ups), gymnastics, soccer, handball, basketball and track-and-field skills were evaluated. Effect sizes (d) were reported as magnitude of change.

Results: Skinfolds significantly increased only in CG (d?=?1.21). PF composite z-scores improved in PE-3 (d?=?0.61), but decreased in PE-2 (d?=?0.57), and had no changes in CG. Statistically significant improvement was verified in gymnastics and handball skills in both experimental groups (gymnastic: d?=?2.95 and d?=?2.61 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively; handball: d?=?1.87 and d?=?0.57 for PE-3 and PE-2, respectively), and no changes were seen in CG. In soccer, there were improvements only in the PE-3 (d?=?0.55), and in basketball only in PE-2 (d?=?0.46). There were no changes in any group for track-and-field skills.

Conclusions: PE programs can effectively promote PF and MS development.     

Could Slackline Training Complement the FIFA 11+ Programme Regarding Training of Neuromuscular Control?

The current study compared changes in neuromuscular control between slackline training and the stabilization training elements of the FIFA 11+ programme. Twenty-five students in 2 groups performed a 12-unit training programme. The slackline training group (n?=?13) exclusively trained with a slackline. The stabilization training group (n?=?12) practised exercises as described in the second part of the FIFA 11+ programme. Improvements in balance were assessed using three tests for dynamic, quasi-static, and perturbed postural control: the star excursion balance test (SEBT), the closed-eye single-leg stance, and the MFT S3-Check. Both groups significantly improved the stability and sensorimotor index of the MFT S3-Check (p?<?.001), their range on the SEBT (p?<?.001), and the duration of closed-eye single-leg stance (p?<?.001). The group?×?training interaction was significant for the MFT S3-Check (stability index: p?=?.042; sensorimotor index: p?=?.004) and the SEBT (dominant leg: p?=?.003; averaged both legs: p?=?.016), with the slackline training group showing a larger training effect than the stabilization training group. The results of the present study suggest that slackline training offers similar – or better – improvements in neuromuscular control as the FIFA 11+ warm-up programme. If compliance with the FIFA 11+ programme is declining, then slacklining might offer an alternative approach to reach the training goals of improved sensorimotor control.