The impact of varying argument quality and minority size on influencing the majority and perceptions of the minority

Past minority influence research has found that the number of minority subgroup members and argument quality can affect the likelihood of the minority subgroup being able to influence the majority subgroup. How minority size and argument quality affect minority influence and perceptions of the minority is addressed in this study. Confederates were used to vary argument quality and the size of the minority subgroup while keeping consistency of presenting the minority's side of the issue constant. Groups discussed a topic and measures were used to assess the amount of influence, perceived competence, perceived correctness, and how much the minority was liked. Results indicated that both argument quality and minority size were important when attempting to influence the majority and a large minority can compensate for a minority using weak arguments while a small minority using weak arguments residts in strengthening the majority's initial opinion. The perceptions fostered by the minority were a function of an argument quality by group size interaction.     

交指形哑铃带隙结构的小型化带通滤波器设计

设计了一种交指形哑铃带隙结构的带通滤波器,在传统哑铃结构的基础上,把直线臂改进为交指形结构,增加了开路枝节,从而增加等效并联电容,实现了滤波器的小型化。与传统结构相比,新设计的结构尺寸减小了16%,并在阻带增加了2个传输零点,抑制了寄生通带。     

中国城市用地规模的影响因素分析——以2005年县级及以上城市为例

本文放弃了Mills-Muth模型＂就城市论城市＂的视角,从区域的视角考察城市用地的规模决定。通过比较静态分析,考察市场化条件下的用地需求变化、各级政府对土地供给的博弈过程和区位约束对城市用地规模的影响,从城市土地供求关系的角度建立了区域视角下的转型期中国城市用地规模决定的一般化概念模型。基于中国626个城市的实证研究验证了概念模型的有效性,发现城市人口和产业规模的增长显著地提高了对城市土地的需求,第二、三产业的影响程度因城市发展阶段而异;经济发展水平和城镇化模式对城市用地规模的影响并不显著。中央政府的建设用地指标分配制度改变了城市的等级结构,却很难对城市用地扩张产生实质性约束;地方政府缺乏土地储备的激励,大量的开发区用地被迅速投入市场,造成了城市土地的粗放利用。土地资源的稀缺性提高了土地供给成本,交通区位劣势降低了土地需求,限制了城市用地的无序扩张。与理论分析结果不同,宏观经济区位的劣势并未有效地限制城市用地规模,反而促进了城市政府低价甚至负地价出让土地,造成了大量土地的闲置和粗放利用     

海冰离心脱盐理论与实验研究

海冰盐度主要来自海水结冰时被包裹在内部的卤水盐胞,海冰离心脱盐方法正是依据此,将海冰破碎,使卤水暴露出来,进而施加超重力,脱除卤水,淡化海冰。本文通过理论分析得出海冰离心脱盐后盐度与时间的理论关系式为S(t)=PK1/t,采用该式的计算结果与文献中的实验数据对比表明两者吻合较好。在理论分析基础上,通过实验确定了粒度、分离因数和加入海水比例对海冰离心脱盐的影响。实验结果表明,淡化盐度随着粒径呈现先减小后增大的趋势,并且当颗粒在6～9mm左右达到最小;随着加入海水比例和分离因数的增大,海冰离心脱盐效果变好。     

政府规模决定因素与相关假说——中国数据的一个新的实证解释

通过构建省级面板数据模型、采用工具变量解决内生性问题,研究了中国省级政府规模的决定因素,并验证了相关假说。结果表明:(1)贸易和FDI的开放程度会抑制政府的扩张,省级公共部门具有规模经济特性;(2)Wagner法则在中国并不适用;(3)支出分权和收入分权有助于中国政府的扩张,而垂直不平衡度的影响不显著;(4)没有证据支持少数民族人口密度、总抚养率或失业率对政府规模存在正效应的猜想。     

企业规模与研发投入结构的理论与实证研究——基于企业知识和产品市场的视角

 从企业内外部因素——知识基础结构和产品市场结构两方面入手,分析它们对研发资源在合作研发与独立研发之间合理配置的影响机制。认为,企业研发投入结构的选择是一种基于知识基础结构和产品市场结构的企业间策略互动。它们对研发投入结构的作用途径有：技术吸收率效应、绝对成本优势效应、技术溢出率效应、企业利润效应和产品差异化效应。并且以我国高技术企业为例进行了实证研究,理论结论得到了实证结果的支持。     

浅析中小学学校团队管理的理想规模

学校的团队管理是学校管理的重要内容,团队队伍的素质决定着教师队伍的素质和学校的办学水平。适宜的团队规模,既有利于团队沟通、避免负面冲突,又能促进有效合作、提高团队效率,是完成中小学的教学和日常管理任务的基本保证。本文旨在探讨在中小学的团队管理中究竟是否存在着一个理想的团队规模。     

Talent identification and selection process of outfield players and goalkeepers in a professional soccer club

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse the talent identification process of a professional soccer club. A preselection of players (n = 64) aged 9–10 years and a final selection (n = 21) were performed by the technical staff through the observation during training sessions and matches. Also, 34 age-matched players of an open soccer camp (CampP) acted as controls. All participants underwent anthropometric, maturity and performance measurements.

Preselected outfield players (OFs) were older and leaner than CampP (P < 0.05). Besides, they performed better in velocity, agility, endurance and jump tests (P < 0.05). A discriminant analysis showed that velocity and agility were the most important parameters. Finally, selected OFs were older and displayed better agility and endurance compared to the nonselected OFs (P < 0.05). Goalkeepers (GKs) were taller and heavier and had more body fat than OFs; also, they performed worse in the physical tests (P < 0.05). Finally, selected GKs were older and taller, had a higher predicted height and advanced maturity and performed better in the handgrip (dynamometry) and jump tests (P < 0.05).

Thus, the technical staff selected OFs with a particular anthropometry and best performance, particularly agility and endurance, while GKs had a different profile. Moreover, chronological age had an important role in the whole selection process.     

Return to play following muscle injuries in professional footballers

Abstract

This prospective cohort study described return-to-play (RTP) data for different types of muscle injuries in male elite-level football players in Europe. Eighty-nine European professional teams were followed between 2001 and 2013. Team medical staff recorded individual player exposure and time-loss injuries. A total of 17,371 injuries occurred, including 5603 (32%) muscle injuries. From 2007, we received results from 386 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, and radiological grading was performed. A negative MRI was associated with shorter recovery time (6 ± 7 days). Lay-off days were correlated with MRI grading of thigh muscle injuries (P < 0.001). Among hamstring injuries, 83% occurred to the biceps femoris, 12% affected the semimembranosus and 5% the semitendinosus. Recurrence rate was higher among biceps femoris injuries (18%) compared with semitendinosus and semimembranosus injuries (2% together). Groin muscle injuries caused shorter median absence (9 days) than hamstring (13 days; P < 0.001), quadriceps (12 days; P < 0.001) and calf muscle (13 days; P < 0.001) injuries. Overall, we found that MRI was valuable for prognosticating RTP, with radiological grading associated with lay-off times after injury. Re-injuries were common in biceps femoris injuries but rare in semitendinosus and semimembranosus injuries.     

对不同项目运动员躯体肌力的等动测试研究

用Cybex 6000以60°/sec的速度对柔道、体操和排球项目的36名优秀运动员躯干肌力进行了较为系统的等动测量与评价。结果表明,不同项目的运动员,躯干肌肉的生物力学特征是不同的。